arXiv:2607.17272cs.LGcs.SI2026-07KDD

一个无需调参的图节点表示模型,跨25个数据集通用且表现优异。

Node4All: Learning Node Representation Beyond Datasets

论文配图:Node4All: Learning Node Representation Beyond Datasets
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用通道图变压器架构实现单一参数化处理任意图数据
  • 单个模型在25个基准上排名第五,超越大量定制化方法
  • 支持快速学习,适合需要通用图模型的研究与应用

节点表示学习发展迅速,但现有方法大多依赖于每个数据集的训练和超参数调优。这种数据集特异性优化源于难以设计能在多种图数据集间泛化的可复用图模型。本文提出Node4All,一种可在任意图数据集上使用而无需任何数据集特异性优化的节点表示学习器。其基于两个互补思路:在架构层面,引入通道图变换器(CGT),使单一固定参数化能处理任意图数据集;在学习层面,提出基于一系列合成图的自监督学习方法。两者结合实现了超越单一数据集的泛化能力,这在现有架构与学习框架下难以实现。我们在25个节点分类基准上对Node4All进行了广泛评估,对比21个基线,涵盖监督与自监督方法。尽管所有基线均针对各数据集进行训练与优化,单个Node4All在所有数据集上统一应用,仍取得21个基线中的第5名。此外,配合适当预测器,Node4All支持一次学习和上下文学习,优于近期图基础模型(GFMs)。结果表明,Node4All不仅实现了跨任意图数据集的可复用性,且在实际中依然高效。代码与模型检查点见https://github.com/dooho00/node4all。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Node representation learning has advanced rapidly, yet most existing methods rely on per-dataset training and hyperparameter tuning. This dataset-specific optimization comes from the difficulty of designing reusable graph models that generalize across diverse graph datasets. In this work, we introduce Node4All, a node representation learner applicable to arbitrary graph datasets without any dataset-specific optimization. Node4All is built on two complementary ideas. At the architectural level, we introduce the Channel Graph Transformer (CGT), which enables a single fixed parameterization to process arbitrary graph datasets. At the learning level, we propose a self-supervised learning based on a series of synthetic graphs. Together, these components enable generalization beyond individual datasets, which is infeasible with existing architectures and learning frameworks. We extensively evaluate Node4All on node classification across 25 benchmarks against 21 baselines, covering both supervised and self-supervised methods. Despite all baselines being trained and optimized for each dataset, a single Node4All, applied uniformly across the datasets, achieves a competitive ranking of 5th among 21 baselines. Moreover, Node4All supports one-shot and in-context learning with an appropriate predictor and outperforms recent graph foundation models (GFMs) in these settings. These results demonstrate that Node4All not only achieves reusability across arbitrary graph datasets, but also remains an effective solution in practice. Code and model checkpoints are available in https://github.com/dooho00/node4all.

图神经网络泛化能力自监督学习

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