arXiv:2607.17391eess.SYcs.AI2026-07

提出分阶段建设框架,让AI数据中心在电网受限时也能独立运行。

A Phased Development Framework Enabling Islanded Operation of Sustainable AI Data Centers With Onsite Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Energy Architectures

论文配图:A Phased Development Framework Enabling Islanded Operation of Sustainable AI Data Centers With Onsite Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Energy Architectures
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分阶段建设+模块化设计,缓解并网审批和设备采购延迟
  • 燃气发电与储能协同,支持早期阶段稳定供电(500MW~2GW)
  • 可实现孤岛运行,适合电网不稳或快速部署场景

随着超大规模和共置型AI数据中心持续扩张,单个设施负荷可达500兆瓦至2吉瓦,预计到2030年美国约有50吉瓦的AI数据中心容量需接入电网。尽管已有研究关注其环境与运营影响及作为电网互动资产的潜力,但对工程、采购与施工(EPC)流程中规模化部署挑战的关注仍有限。本文提出一种分阶段开发框架,帮助开发者在面临多年级并网审批与设备采购周期的情况下,仍能实现快速上线。通过模块化建造架构,结合集成能源系统分析与混合本地发电机制,研究显示:在早期和中期部署阶段,本地天然气发电与电网形态储能相结合可可靠支撑数据中心运行。电磁暂态仿真(EMT)验证了该方案在电网故障时实现孤岛运行的能力,并探讨了不同条件下数据中心恢复并网的电网形态控制策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As hyperscale and colocation AI data centers continue to expand, the electric grid is increasingly required to support large, concentrated loads, with individual facilities ranging from 500 MW to 2 GW. Current projections estimate that approximately 50 GW of AI data center capacity will require grid connectivity in the United States by 2030. While prior research has extensively examined the environmental and operational impacts of AI data centers, as well as their potential role as grid-interactive assets, limited attention has been given to the challenges associated with their scalable deployment through engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) processes. This manuscript addresses this gap by proposing a phased development framework for AI data center expansion. The approach is designed to enable developers to meet aggressive time-to-market objectives while navigating multi-year constraints associated with interconnection approvals and lead times associated with the procurement of component equipment. A modular construction architecture is presented, along with a detailed analysis of integrated energy systems and the role of hybrid on-site generation in supporting incremental capacity growth. Electromagnetic transient simulations (EMT) are used to evaluate system performance, demonstrating that a combination of on-site natural gas generation and grid-forming energy storage can reliably support data center operations during early and intermediate deployment phases. The study further examines the transition to full grid interconnection, including the capability of the data center to operate in islanded mode during grid disturbances. Finally, the manuscript compares grid-forming control strategies for system reconnection and restoration under varying conditions.

AI数据中心孤岛运行能源架构分阶段建设

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。