arXiv:2607.17398cs.LGcs.AI2026-07

用大模型自动优化布局目标,让布线后效果更好。

CoEvoP&R: Co-Evolving Placement Objectives with Routing Feedback via Large Language Models

论文配图:CoEvoP&R: Co-Evolving Placement Objectives with Routing Feedback via Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用大模型根据布线反馈动态生成可微分的布局目标
  • 在多个基准上降低布线长度16.9%、拥塞36.7%、时序负松弛912ns
  • 自动生成且可解释,适合需要高质量布局的芯片设计者

分析型布局器依赖可微分的目标函数引导布局,通常结合半周长线长(HPWL)和单元密度惩罚等中间代理指标。然而,这些布局阶段的代理指标与下游布线和时序质量仍存在偏差。先前方法通过人工设计项或学习黑盒代理减少该差距,但前者需专家调参,后者难以解释、调试或部署于分析型布局流程。CoEvoP&R 提出基于大语言模型(LLM)的框架,自动演化分析型布局目标。每一代中,提示词结合受限目标接口、基线上下文及历史候选,并融合来自布局、时序代理和布线工具的路由反馈。LLM生成可读的可微分目标,在 DREAMPlace 中嵌入并验证,通过时序代理和实际路由器评估,结果存档以指导后续迭代。在八个 ChiP-Bench Nangate45 设计和三个种子下,相比原生 DREAMPlace,CoEvoP&R 将布线后线长减少 16.9%,拥塞降低 36.7%,最差负松弛改善 0.70 ns,总负松弛幅值减少 912 ns。在八个 ICCAD 2015 Superblue 设计上,布线后线长和拥塞分别减少 5.4% 和 23.2%。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Analytical placers rely on differentiable objective functions to guide placement, typically combining intermediate surrogate metrics such as half-perimeter wirelength (HPWL) and cell-density penalties. However, these placement-stage surrogates remain misaligned with downstream routed and timing quality. Prior work reduces this gap with human-designed terms or learned black-box surrogates, but the former requires expert retuning and the latter is difficult to explain, debug, or deploy in analytical placement flows. CoEvoP&R addresses these limitations with a large language model (LLM)-based framework that automatically evolves analytical placement objectives. At each generation, the prompt combines the restricted objective interface, baseline context, and archived prior candidates with routing-related feedback from placement, timing proxy, and routing tools. The LLM proposes readable differentiable objectives, which are embedded and validated in DREAMPlace, evaluated through a timing proxy and an actual router, and stored with their feedback to guide later generations. Across eight ChiP-Bench Nangate45 designs and three seeds, CoEvoP&R reduces post-route routed wirelength and congestion by 16.9% and 36.7%, with gains of 0.70 ns in worst negative slack and a 912 ns reduction in total negative slack magnitude over native DREAMPlace. Across eight ICCAD 2015 Superblue designs, it reduces post-route routed wirelength and congestion by 5.4% and 23.2%. Code is available at https://github.com/FCHXWH823/CoEvoP-R.git.

布局优化大模型芯片设计

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