arXiv:2607.17432cs.AI2026-07

间歇性前瞻控制能降低调节负担,打破直觉预期。

Intermittent Control Is Not Diluted Control: A Switching Effect in Artificial Agency

论文配图:Intermittent Control Is Not Diluted Control: A Switching Effect in Artificial Agency
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在状态依赖系统中,交替使用前瞻与反应控制可减少平均调节成本。
  • 实验显示间歇性前瞻控制使负担比固定模式混合预测值低0.5%左右。
  • 适合研究自适应系统设计、智能体控制策略的学者参考。

自适应智能体的调控并非始终处于相同时间条件。有时稳定可在扰动完全进入内部状态前启动;有时则只能在破坏已发生后恢复。直观预期是:在两种模式间切换的智能体应表现为两者的加权平均——反应式恢复时间越长,调节负担越大。本文表明该预期可能失效。在具有历史状态记忆的模拟智能体中,当持续反应式控制比持续前瞻控制更昂贵时,间歇性接入前瞻控制反而使平均调节负担低于固定模式混合的预测值。该效应在周期性和随机切换调度下均成立:失去前瞻能力不会简单稀释其效益,而间歇性恢复可重新组织后续调节负担。高统计量实验(每种调度1000组匹配复现)揭示了所有测试调度下的负非线性切换惩罚。结果虽小但一致:约0.5%的平均收益,63-68%的复现样本低于零。后期诊断未发现调节负担的累积上升。该发现揭示了一种设计相关的时机原则:在依赖历史的状态系统中,维持有序的负担不仅取决于各模式的时间占比,还取决于扰动与恢复进入状态的顺序。因此,间歇性前瞻控制可能并非调控的部分失效,而是一种降低长期恢复负担的机制。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Adaptive agents do not always regulate under the same timing conditions. Sometimes stabilization can begin before a disturbance has fully entered the internal state; at other times the agent can only recover after disruption has taken hold. A simple expectation is that an agent moving between these conditions should behave like a weighted average of the two fixed cases: the more time spent in reactive recovery, the greater the regulatory burden. This paper shows that expectation can fail. In a simulated adaptive agent with retained state history, at an operating point where sustained reactive control is more costly than sustained anticipatory control, intermittent access to anticipatory control reduces the mean regulatory burden below the value predicted by a fixed-mode mixture. The effect appears under both periodic and stochastic switching schedules: losing anticipatory access does not simply dilute its benefit, and restoring it intermittently can reorganize the later regulatory burden. High-statistics runs (N = 1000 matched replicates per schedule) resolve a negative nonlinear switching penalty across every tested schedule. The effect is small but consistent: about half a percent of the mean gain, with 63-68% of replicates falling below zero. Late-window diagnostics reveal no unresolved upward accumulation of regulatory burden. The result identifies a design-relevant timing principle. In history-dependent adaptive systems, the burden of remaining organized is not set only by how much time an agent spends in each mode; the order in which disturbance and recovery enter the state can change the subsequent burden. Intermittent anticipatory control may therefore act less like a partial failure of regulation than like a mechanism for reducing the long-term burden of recovery.

智能体控制间歇控制自适应系统

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