arXiv:2607.17818cs.RO2026-07中稿 · IROS 2026

改进森林起重机运动规划,让机械臂更智能地自适应末端姿态,提升效率和液压利用率。

Task-Space Constrained Stochastic Trajectory Optimization for Time-Optimal Forestry Crane Motion Planning

论文配图:Task-Space Constrained Stochastic Trajectory Optimization for Time-Optimal Forestry Crane Motion Planning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用任务空间约束替代固定末端关节角,动态优化末端姿态与轨迹
  • 实测平均缩短12-15%运动时间,泵流量利用更均衡
  • 适合需要高效、避障且受液压限制的冗余机械臂场景

在液压泵流量受限条件下,高效、无碰撞且时间最优的运动规划是自主森林起重机的基本需求。现有的基于路径点的随机轨迹优化(VP-STO)算法虽能实现近似最优的混合运动规划,但需预先指定固定的末端关节配置。对于像森林起重机这类运动学冗余机械臂,这种预设单一逆运动学解会限制对冗余度的利用,尤其是在非线性全局耦合的泵流量约束下,各关节速度的可接受范围取决于其共同的液压需求。本文提出TSC-VP-STO,即在VP-STO基础上引入任务空间约束,将严格末端关节空间约束替换为任务空间约束,联合优化轨迹与末端配置的冗余自由度。该方法使规划器能根据环境依赖的运动与液压分配自适应调整末端姿态,实现更均衡的泵流量利用和更短的轨迹时长。通过配置空间分解形式化方法,并推导出适用于森林起重机运动学的具体可达性约束。在多个规划目标与路径点配置下的实验表明,相比基线方法,轨迹时长平均减少12%-15%,泵流量利用显著改善。实际部署验证了该方法在真实森林起重机上的可行性,包括完整的原木装载周期。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Efficient, collision-free, and time-optimal motion planning is a fundamental requirement for autonomous forestry cranes operating under hydraulic pump-flow constraints. The Via-Point-based Stochastic Trajectory Optimization (VP-STO) algorithm has demonstrated near-time-optimal hybrid motion planning in this domain, but requires a fixed terminal joint configuration specified prior to optimization. For kinematically redundant manipulators such as forestry cranes, this pre-commitment to a single inverse kinematics solution restricts the planner's ability to exploit redundancy, particularly under the nonlinear, globally coupled pump-flow constraint where admissible joint velocities depend on their combined hydraulic demand. This paper presents TSC-VP-STO, a task-space-constrained extension of VP-STO that replaces the strict terminal joint-space constraint with a task-space constraint, jointly optimizing the trajectory and the redundant degrees of freedom of the terminal configuration. This enables the planner to adapt end configurations to the environment-dependent motion and hydraulic flow allocation, yielding more balanced pump utilization and shorter trajectory durations. We formalize the approach through a configuration space decomposition and derive a concrete reachability constraint for the forestry crane kinematics. Experimental evaluations across multiple planning targets and via-point configurations demonstrates a reduction on trajectory durations by 12-15% on average and improved pump-flow utilization compared to the baseline VP-STO. The practical applicability of TSC-VP-STO is validated through real-world deployment on a forestry crane, including a full log-loading cycle.

运动规划冗余机械臂液压约束森林机械

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