共享答案规则让更好信息反而降低搜索效率,揭示了协同机制的潜在陷阱。
The Shared Discovery Paradox: How a One-Answer Rule Turns Better Information into Worse Search
- 用十六箱一目标模型验证集中推荐会压缩行动多样性
- 单一答案重复导致发现率从0.8322暴跌至0.3835
- 自利搜寻者均衡下仍低于最优,但可被激励机制修复
组织常将分散信息汇总为单一排名,供多人基于此行动。在发现任务中,这虽提升单个推荐准确率(从0.20升至0.3835),却因重复选择同一结果使群体发现率从0.8322降至0.3835。协调八次行动可恢复至0.8594,七次即可达去中心化基准。该悖论源于协议缺陷而非信息不足:单答案规则将多行动组合压缩为单一重复选择。当规划者被自利搜寻者替代并均分奖励时,其对称均衡遵循水填规则,在标准实例中达成0.5991,高于共识但低于私有搜索与理想规划。纯纳什均衡的精确价格为2 - 1/N。独占奖励机制使所有纯均衡达到最优。潜在线索模型显示相关报告会削弱有效发现通道。集中规划收益随复制率上升,标准环境下对称市场超越去中心化发现的临界点为复制概率c = 0.788462。大市场极限下五种协议排序保持不变:共识发现归零,盲选、市场、私有、组合搜索分别收敛至0.500、0.547、0.847、0.874。本研究提供可分离信息、分配、激励与依赖的精确基准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Organizations often pool dispersed information into one ranking and then allow many agents to act on that shared view. In a discovery problem, this can improve beliefs while reducing coverage. We develop an exactly solvable benchmark with sixteen boxes, one target, eight searchers, and noisy private clues. Pooling raises the accuracy of the best single recommendation from 0.20 to 0.3835, but repeating that recommendation lowers group discovery from 0.8322 under decentralized clue-following to 0.3835. A coordinated eight-action portfolio using the same pooled reports reaches 0.8594, and seven coordinated actions recover the decentralized benchmark. The paradox is a protocol failure, not an information failure: a one-answer rule compresses a portfolio of available actions into one repeated choice. We then replace the planner with self-interested searchers who split a prize. The equal-split game is a potential game. Its anonymous symmetric equilibrium obeys a water-filling rule. In the canonical instance it achieves 0.5991: strictly above consensus, but below both private search and the planner. The exact mixed price of anarchy is 2 - 1/N. A sole-rescue reward, which pays only an agent who covers the target alone, makes every pure Nash equilibrium first-best. Finally, a latent common-cue model shows how correlated reports collapse effective discovery channels. The centralized planner gain rises strictly with copying, and in the canonical environment the symmetric market overtakes decentralized report-following at copying probability c = 0.788462. In a proportional large-market limit the five-protocol ordering survives exactly: consensus discovery vanishes while blind, market, private, and portfolio search converge to 0.500, 0.547, 0.847, and 0.874. The contribution is a compact benchmark that separates information, allocation, incentives, and dependence into exact, reusable quantities.
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