arXiv:2607.18280cs.LGcs.AI2026-07

通过组合静态剪枝与动态计算,延缓大模型压缩时的性能下降。

Beyond Single-Dimensional Compression: The Compound Sparsity Frontier of Large Language Models

论文配图:Beyond Single-Dimensional Compression: The Compound Sparsity Frontier of Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 先用低秩近似和通道剪枝构建静态压缩骨干,再引入轻量路由实现动态层跳过。
  • 相同总稀疏度下,复合稀疏性在理解任务上延迟性能衰减,在建模任务上保持更强表现。
  • 发现参数剪枝与令牌跳过存在跨维度干扰,均衡分配更有效,适合高效部署场景。

大语言模型常通过静态参数剪枝或动态令牌级计算进行压缩,但激进稀疏化会突破关键稀疏边界,导致性能快速下降。本文探讨将两种机制结合是否能分担压缩压力、延缓性能退化。提出一种极简复合稀疏框架:先以低秩近似和通道剪枝获得静态压缩主干,再引入轻量级路由实现每令牌动态层跳过。该设计可独立控制参数稀疏度与令牌级计算稀疏度。在语言理解与建模基准上的实验表明,复合稀疏性在相同总稀疏度下持续优于单一机制,显著延迟理解任务的性能衰减点,并保持更强的建模能力。进一步分析揭示参数剪枝与令牌跳过间存在跨维度干扰,固定稀疏预算下近似均衡分配最有效。结果表明,复合压缩是提升大模型压缩效率的实用路径,同时揭示了限制进一步压缩的广义跨维度稀疏边界。代码将开源于 https://github.com/EIT-NLP/LLM-Pruning。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) are often compressed through static parameter pruning or dynamic token-level computation, yet aggressive sparsification can trigger rapid performance degradation beyond an essential sparsity boundary. This work asks \emph{whether combining these two mechanisms can delay such degradation by distributing the compression burden}. We study a minimalist compound sparsity framework that first applies low-rank approximation and channel pruning to obtain a statically compressed backbone, and then introduces lightweight routers for per-token dynamic layer skipping. This design enables independent control of parameter sparsity and token-level computation sparsity. Experiments across language understanding and modeling benchmarks show that compound sparsity consistently outperforms single-mechanism compression under the same total sparsity, delaying the decay point on understanding tasks and preserving stronger modeling performance. Further analysis reveals cross-dimensional interference between parameter pruning and token skipping, and shows that near-balanced allocation is most effective under a fixed sparsity budget. These results demonstrate that compound compression provides a practical way to improve LLM compression, while revealing a broader cross-dimensional sparsity boundary that ultimately limits further compression. Code will be available at https://github.com/EIT-NLP/LLM-Pruning.

大模型压缩稀疏性动态计算剪枝

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