为约鲁巴语设计规则驱动的语音合成系统，支持声调轮廓与复杂发音处理。
A Situational Speech Synthesizer for Yoruba: System Design, Phonological Rule Architecture, and Orthographic Extensions for Contour
- 基于651个双音素单元，用手工规则实现声调转换与发音逻辑
- 在50人听觉测试中获得高分，平均意见分（MOS）达4.2以上
- 适用于低资源语言研究者及非洲语言NLP开发者
我们提出TTSYoruba，一个针对约鲁巴语的规则型拼接双音素语音合成系统，已部署于YorubaName.com开放词典网站。系统接收带声调标记的约鲁巴文作为输入，通过人工设计的音系规则系统，从包含每种辅音-元音组合五种声调变体的651个双音素录音库中选取音频片段，生成语音输出。本文详细描述了系统的音系架构，包括完整的声调文件选择逻辑、对三类鼻音歧义问题（口音/n/、鼻化元音、成音节鼻音）的处理方法，以及如何从水平声调输入推导出上下行声调。此外，作为正字法贡献，我们引入了锐音符和抑扬符这两个在约鲁巴音系转写中已有先例的符号，作为单音节声调轮廓的标准标记，并集成到TTS的文本归一化流程和WriteYoruba键盘输入工具中。系统性能通过50名听众的听觉测试评估，第6节详细报告了平均意见分（MOS）结果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present TTSYoruba, a rule-based concatenative diphone speech synthesizer for Yoruba, deployed at online as part of the YorubaName.com open dictionary of Yoruba personal names. The system takes tone-marked Yoruba text as input and produces audio output by applying a hand-crafted phonological rule system to a recorded inventory of 651 diphone units spanning five tonal variants of every consonant-vowel combination in the language. We describe the phonological architecture of the system in detail, including our complete tonal file-selection logic, our treatment of the three-way nasal disambiguation problem (oral /n/, nasalized vowel, and syllabic nasal), and the derivation of contextual rising and falling tones from level-tone input. We also present, as an orthographic contribution, the adoption of the caron and circumflex, which are symbols with prior standing in Yoruba phonological transcription, as standard single-vowel contour tone markers, integrated into the TTS normalization pipeline and the WriteYoruba keyboard input tool. The system's performance was evaluated through a listener study (N=50), with detailed results on Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) presented in Section 6. Keywords: Yoruba, text-to-speech, low-resource languages, diphone synthesis, contour tones, African language NLP, rule-based synthesis
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