arXiv:2607.18536cs.AIcs.RO2026-07

MAGE用多智能体模拟人类设计思维,自动优化芯片宏单元布局。

MAGE: Human-Like Macro Placement via Agentic Multimodal Reasoning

论文配图:MAGE: Human-Like Macro Placement via Agentic Multimodal Reasoning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分六阶段工作流,结合规则、视觉检查与迭代优化
  • 在9个设计上比商用工具提升11.1%-19.3%的WNS和70%-74%的TNS
  • 引入四项新指标衡量布局像人程度,适用无训练迁移场景

宏单元布局在工业物理设计中仍需大量人工调整。本文提出MAGE(宏单元布局智能体引擎),一种基于多模态多智能体框架的宏单元布局优化方法。MAGE将布局任务分解为六个阶段,融合结构化布局规则、视觉检查与迭代优化。专家知识通过自然语言指令和验证标准编码,而非依赖标注数据学习。采用锦标赛式优化模式,评估多个候选布局并传播高质量方案反馈。提出四项量化人类布局风格的指标:凹槽得分、空白区域得分、口袋得分和对齐得分,捕捉专家设计中的结构性特征,而这些未被传统PPA指标直接衡量。在NanGate45和GlobalFoundries 12nm工艺的九个设计中,MAGE在几何均值上实现WNS提升11.1%-19.3%,TNS提升70.0%-74.0%。在三个NanGate45设计上,相比人类专家,其WNS和TNS分别提升18.3%和72.5%;相比Hier-RTLMP基线,提升47.0%和80.4%,且布线长度与功耗相当。在人类风格度量上,整体得分优于所有基线6%-48%。对匿名网表、未见设计、密集矩形布局及高利用率场景的案例研究显示,该框架无需针对特定设计重训即可迁移应用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Macro placement still requires substantial manual refinement in industrial physical design flows. We present MAGE (Macro Placement Agentic Engine), a multimodal multi-agent framework for macro placement refinement. MAGE decomposes the macro placement task into a six-phase workflow that combines structured floorplanning rules, visual checks, and iterative refinement. Expert floorplanning knowledge is encoded through natural-language directives and validation criteria, rather than learned from labeled placement data. A tournament-style refinement mode evaluates multiple candidate placements and propagates feedback from higher-quality solutions. We also introduce four metrics for quantifying human-likeness in macro placement: notch score, whitespace score, pocket score, and alignment score. These metrics capture structural properties used by expert designers but not directly measured by conventional PPA metrics. Across nine designs in NanGate45 and GlobalFoundries 12nm enablements, MAGE achieves geometric-mean improvements of 11.1%-19.3% in WNS and 70.0%-74.0% in TNS over commercial macro placers. On the three NanGate45 designs, for which human-expert and Hier-RTLMP baselines are available, MAGE improves WNS and TNS by 18.3% and 72.5% over the human expert, and by 47.0% and 80.4% over Hier-RTLMP, with comparable wirelength and power. On human-likeness metrics, MAGE improves the overall score by 6%-48% over all baselines. Additional case studies on anonymized netlists, unseen designs, dense rectilinear floorplans, and high-utilization settings show that the framework transfers to new placement settings without design-specific retraining.

芯片布局多智能体自动化设计人类风格

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