为智能体技能建立可复用、可维护的软件体系，让行为能力像代码一样管理。
Skillware: A Software Ontology and Engineering Lifecycle for Persistent Behavioral Artifacts
- 提出Skillware概念，将技能视为具有独立身份的软件单元。
- 基于13.8万条技能记录，验证技能可持久化且具备完整生命周期。
- 适合研究智能体系统演化与模块化设计的开发者与架构师。
智能体技能已成为跨独立AI系统持久存在的行为实体。它们结合自然语言任务描述、元数据及可选的脚本、资产、钩子、包清单、测试和配套接口。现有研究虽解释了技能的定义、执行、维护与演进方式，但缺乏将其作为独立软件对象的本体论。本文提出Skillware，作为扩展软件工程至智能体系统中持久行为实体的软件抽象。一个技能实体指定可复用的任务行为；一个Skillware单元通过独立身份与生命周期管理该实体。兼容的智能体宿主在运行时激活该单元。三个必要条件界定类别归属：行为优先性、独立软件身份、与智能体宿主的执行关系。生命周期连续性记录同一单元身份在更新、维护、回滚与移除过程中是否持续，作为独立的软件级属性。证据包括智能体技能规范、138,133条内容去重的SKILL.md记录（关联20,556个仓库标识符）、独立实证研究、15个边界案例及13个固定版本工程实现。证据表明存在重复出现的实体范式、可分离的软件身份、可文档化或重构的激活路径，以及生命周期工程压力。Skillware提供了软件本体与工程生命周期，使智能体能力成为可识别、可组合、可维护的软件实体，并为未来演进提供明确基础。公开的设计模式与证据材料见：https://github.com/MetaInFLow/skillware-patterns。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agent Skills have become persistent behavioral artifacts across independent AI agent systems. They combine natural-language task specifications with metadata and optional references, scripts, assets, hooks, package manifests, tests, and companion interfaces. Existing studies explain how Skills are specified, executed, maintained, and evolved, but lack an ontology that defines these artifacts as independent software objects. This paper introduces Skillware as the software abstraction that extends software engineering to persistent Behavioral Artifacts in agent systems. A Skill Artifact specifies reusable task behavior; a Skillware Unit manages that artifact as software through an independent identity and lifecycle. A compatible Agent Host activates the unit for runtime interpretation. Three necessary conditions operationalize category membership: behavioral primacy, independent software identity, and an Agent Host execution relationship. Lifecycle Continuity records whether the same unit identity persists through update, maintenance, rollback, and removal as a separate software-grade property. Evidence combines the Agent Skills specification, a frozen corpus of 138,133 content-deduplicated SKILL.md records associated with 20,556 repository identifiers, independent empirical studies, 15 category-boundary cases, and 13 fixed-revision engineering implementations. The evidence establishes a recurring artifact envelope, separable software identities, documented or reconstructed activation paths, and lifecycle engineering pressure. Skillware provides the software ontology and engineering lifecycle through which agent capabilities can become identifiable, composable, and maintainable software artifacts with an explicit basis for future evolution. Public design-pattern and evidence materials are available at https://github.com/MetaInFLow/skillware-patterns.
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