用大模型指导量子储备池架构搜索,提升预测性能。
Hybrid LLM-Guided Search for Quantum Reservoir Architecture Design

- 将量子储备池设计转化为带约束的黑箱搜索问题
- 混合策略在三项任务中表现最优,误差降低23.6%
- 适合对量子机器学习架构优化感兴趣的科研人员
量子储备池计算(QRC)利用固定量子动力学作为高维时序特征映射,仅训练轻量级经典读出层。其性能高度依赖输入编码、储备池深度、纠缠拓扑、测量特征、状态重置策略、特征构建和读出正则化等架构选择。本文提出 extit{method},一个基于模拟器的基准测试,将QRC设计建模为带约束的黑箱架构搜索,并评估大语言模型(LLM)作为提议控制器的有效性。在相同评估预算下比较五种策略:随机搜索、进化搜索、贝叶斯优化(TPE)、反馈式LLM代理,以及 extit{hybrid}——结合LLM提议与记忆、变异、交叉、去重和探索机制的混合方法。在NARMA10、Mackey-Glass预测和时序奇偶任务中, extit{hybrid}表现最稳定:在NARMA10和时序奇偶任务中排名第一,在Mackey-Glass任务中排名第二,仅略逊于进化搜索。在25次评估预算和三个种子下, extit{hybrid}在所有任务上均优于随机搜索,其中Mackey-Glass误差相对降低23.6%。结果表明,LLMs并非通用的QRC优化器,但作为嵌入在可验证、可复现的混合搜索循环中的生成式高层控制器,具有实用价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) uses fixed quantum dynamics as a high-dimensional temporal feature map and trains only a lightweight classical readout. QRC is attractive for near-term quantum machine learning, but its performance depends strongly on architecture choices such as input encoding, reservoir depth, entanglement topology, measurement features, state-reset policy, feature construction, and readout regularization. We introduce \method, a simulator-based benchmark that formulates QRC design as constrained black-box architecture search and evaluates whether large language models can act as proposal controllers for this search problem. The benchmark compares five policies under identical evaluation budgets: random search, evolutionary search, Bayesian/TPE optimization, a feedback-based LLM agent, and \hybrid, which combines LLM proposals with memory, mutation, crossover, duplicate avoidance, and exploration. On NARMA10, Mackey-Glass forecasting, and temporal parity, \hybrid{} is the most consistent policy: it ranks first on NARMA10 and temporal parity and second on Mackey-Glass, narrowly behind evolutionary search. Under a 25-evaluation budget and three seeds, \hybrid{} improves over random search on all tasks, including a 23.6\% relative reduction in Mackey-Glass error. The results do not show that LLMs are universal QRC optimizers; rather, they show that generative models can be useful high-level controllers when embedded inside validated, reproducible hybrid search loops.
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