arXiv:2607.19714cs.RO2026-07

一款可变形的无肢机器人,能通过电缆驱动在复杂环境中灵活切换多种运动方式。

Morphing MILR: Design and control of a cable-driven limbless robot with rolling joints for maneuvering in complex environments

论文配图:Morphing MILR: Design and control of a cable-driven limbless robot with rolling joints for maneuvering in complex environments
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用电缆驱动和可编程柔性关节实现身体形态与刚度的动态调整
  • 支持侧向波浪、侧滑、滚动和扭转四种运动模式,无需地形感知
  • 适合搜救、巡检等复杂场景,兼具灵活性与鲁棒性

无肢机器人因其细长体态和利用身体-地形相互作用的能力,在狭窄和杂乱环境中表现出卓越的机动性。近期设计通过引入柔顺性实现了无需复杂传感或控制的稳定运动;然而,这些系统通常采用固定体态,每种形态仅适用于单一运动模式或环境。如何让单个无肢机器人在保持柔顺运动鲁棒性的同时实现多样化运动?为此,我们提出一种缆绳驱动的无肢机器人,可通过重构身体形态与柔顺性来实现多种运动模式。分布式缆绳驱动产生行进波,可编程被动柔顺性实现无需地形信息或高带宽反馈的稳健接触式运动。滚动关节可重新定向身体弯曲平面,实现快速重构和模式间平滑过渡,并通过齿轮锁止维持构型,无需持续供能。结合可编程弯曲柔顺性与形态控制,该平台可在同一系统中实现侧向波浪、侧滑、滚动和扭转。实验验证了其可靠的步态生成能力、在障碍物密集环境中的通行能力及模式间转换性能,为复杂环境下的导航提供了多功能无肢平台,适用于搜救、环境监测与巡检等应用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Limbless robots offer exceptional mobility in confined and cluttered environments due to their slender bodies and their ability to exploit body-terrain interactions. Recent designs incorporating compliance demonstrate robust locomotion without complex sensing or control; however, these systems typically rely on fixed body configurations, with each morphology specialized for a single locomotion mode or environment. This raises a key challenge: how can a single limbless robot achieve versatile locomotion while preserving the robustness of compliance-mediated locomotion? To address this challenge, we present a cable-driven limbless robot that reconfigures body morphology and compliance to enable diverse locomotion modes. Distributed cable actuation generates traveling body waves, while programmable passive compliance enables robust contact-rich locomotion without terrain knowledge or high-bandwidth feedback. Rolling joints reorient bending planes along the body, enabling rapid reconfiguration and smooth transitions between locomotion styles, and incorporate geared locking to maintain configuration without continuous power. By combining programmable bending compliance and morphology control, the platform achieves lateral undulation, sidewinding, rolling, and twisting within a single system. Experiments demonstrate reliable gait generation, traversal in obstacle-rich environments, and transitions between modes, establishing a versatile limbless platform for navigating complex environments with applications in search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and inspection.

无肢机器人形态重构柔性驱动多模态运动

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