针对不同区域类型,给出基于季节的遥感建筑检测优化方案。
Toward Seasonal Guidelines for Robust Deep-Learning Sentinel-2 Building Detection in Different Area Types

- 构建波兰华沙多时相哨兵-2数据集,用官方地形数据库生成真值掩码。
- 发现特定月份训练模型在不同地区和处理级别下表现更优,跨季节迁移性能差异显著。
- 为实际建筑制图提供按季节与区域类型选择模型的可操作指南。
哨兵-2影像具有开放获取、全球覆盖和高频重访的优势,适合大规模建筑制图;但其10米原始分辨率使小建筑或亚像素建筑分类困难,且性能受季节变化与建成区异质性影响。本文构建了华沙地区的多时相哨兵-2数据集,通过将波兰官方地形数据库(BDOT10k)建筑轮廓栅格化生成二值真值掩码。采用U-Net和DeepLabV3+两种经典卷积分割骨干网络,先进行场景特异性微调,分别筛选出适用于L1C和L2A产品最优的月度模型。随后开展跨时相推理,评估:(i) 哪些月份适合训练与推理,(ii) 性能在季节间迁移情况,(iii) 处理级别影响,(iv) 不同建成区类型下的差异。基于结果,提出面向不同采集时段与聚居特征的实践性建筑分类指导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Sentinel-2 imagery offers open access, global coverage, and frequent revisit times, making it attractive for practical building mapping at scale; however, its native 10m resolution makes building vs non-building classification challenging, particularly for small or sub-pixel buildings, and performance can vary with both seasonality and the heterogeneity of built-up environments. This paper introduces a Sentinel-2 building-detection framework designed to systematically quantify these effects and to support more formalised, practice-oriented model selection. We construct a dedicated multi-temporal Sentinel-2 dataset over the Warsaw region and derive binary ground-truth masks by rasterising official Polish topographic database (BDOT10k) building footprints onto the Sentinel-2 pixel grid. Using two established convolutional segmentation backbones (U-Net and DeepLabV3+), we first perform scene-specific fine-tuning to select a robust architecture and identify the best monthly models for L1C and L2A products separately. We then conduct cross-temporal inference by applying each best monthly model to all scenes, enabling an assessment of (i) which months provide favourable training and inference conditions, (ii) how performance transfers between seasons, (iii) the impact of processing level, and (iv) how these effects differ across built-up typologies. Based on these results, we provide practical guidance for routine Sentinel-2 building classification under varying acquisition periods and settlement characteristics.
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