用AI生成量子电路,加速解决大规模组合优化问题
DQAOA-GPT: AI-Accelerated Distributed Quantum Optimization for Combinatorial Problems

- 将大问题拆解后,用训练好的GPT模型直接生成高质量量子电路
- 在100变量问题上,计算成本大幅降低,且解的质量与传统方法相当
- 适合希望在混合超算-量子环境中推进优化应用的研究者
组合优化问题在众多科学与工程领域中至关重要,但其求解因搜索空间指数级增长而困难。变分量子算法虽具潜力,却受限于重复的量子线路评估和经典参数更新。本文提出DQAOA-GPT,一种融合分布式量子近似优化算法(DQAOA)与GPT驱动的量子线路生成的混合框架。该方法将大优化问题分解为小子问题,并利用训练好的生成模型直接生成高质量子线路,避免了迭代变分优化过程。作为基准,我们在最多含100个决策变量的密集HUBO优化问题上对比DQAOA-GPT与传统DQAOA。结果表明,DQAOA-GPT显著降低计算开销,同时保持竞争力的解质量,且子问题规模越大,加速越明显。尽管当前工作聚焦于基准验证,该框架为在混合超算-量子环境中实现更大规模组合优化提供了有前景的基础,可借助更多GPU资源和并行计算能力扩展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While combinatorial optimization problems are central to many scientific and engineering applications, their solution remains challenging due to exponentially large search spaces. Variational quantum algorithms offer a promising route for tackling such problems, yet their practical performance is limited by repeated quantum circuit evaluations and classical parameter updates. In this work, we introduce DQAOA-GPT, a hybrid framework that integrates the distributed quantum approximate optimization algorithm (DQAOA), which decomposes a large optimization problem into smaller sub-problems, with GPT-based quantum circuit generation for solving those sub-problems. Rather than relying on iterative variational optimization, the proposed approach uses a trained generative model to directly generate high-quality quantum circuits for the decomposed sub-problems. As a benchmark, we evaluate DQAOA-GPT against conventional DQAOA on dense HUBO optimization problems with up to 100 decision variables. The results demonstrate that DQAOA-GPT significantly reduces computational cost while maintaining competitive solution quality, with larger acceleration observed for larger sub-problem sizes. Although this work focuses on benchmark-scale validation, the framework provides a promising foundation for larger-scale combinatorial optimization in hybrid HPC-QC environments through increased GPU resources and parallel computing capability.
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