arXiv:2607.20665cs.ROcs.MA2026-07

用强化学习实现多无人机安全高效运输,无需调参即可真实飞行。

Safe and Scalable Multi-Drone Payload Transport via CBF-based Reinforcement Learning with Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real Transfer

论文配图:Safe and Scalable Multi-Drone Payload Transport via CBF-based Reinforcement Learning with Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real Transfer
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用简化2D模型和控制屏障函数,让多机协同更安全高效。
  • 单个策略可跨团队规模、场景通用,真实测试中零样本迁移成功。
  • 适合需要高可靠性、大规模部署的物流与应急救援场景。

多无人机协同运输在建筑、物流和灾后救援中有广泛应用前景,但无人机、缆绳与载荷之间的复杂耦合动力学带来显著挑战,现有方法在安全性与可扩展性上仍受限,尤其在动态非结构化环境中。本文提出一种基于学习的框架,实现安全且可扩展的多无人机协同运输。通过引入最小化的二维抽象,保留任务相关的关键耦合特性,同时保持大规模学习的计算效率。采用团队规模与物理参数的领域随机化,训练一个完全分布式策略,使用离散图控制屏障函数近端策略优化(DGPPO),实现无需微调的零样本仿真到现实迁移。大量真实世界实验表明,单一学习策略能泛化至不同团队规模和任务场景。多组硬件实验进一步验证,该策略可在动态环境中安全运行,其他无人机团队作为移动障碍物存在。结果表明,该框架实现了高效、安全、可扩展的多无人机运输,并具备强泛化能力应对复杂真实条件。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-drone payload transportation has emerged as a promising research paradigm with potential applications in construction, logistics, and disaster response. However, the complex coupled dynamics among drones, cables, and payloads pose significant challenges, and existing approaches remain limited in safety and scalability, particularly in dynamic and unstructured environments. In this work, we propose a learning-based framework for safe and scalable multi-drone cooperative payload transport. We introduce a minimal 2D abstraction that preserves the task-relevant drone-payload coupling required for coordination and safety, while remaining computationally efficient for large-scale learning. Using domain randomization over team size and physical parameters, we train a fully distributed policy via Discrete Graph Control Barrier Function Proximal Policy Optimization (DGPPO), enabling robust zero-shot sim-to-real transfer without fine-tuning. Extensive real-world evaluations demonstrate that a single learned policy generalizes across varying team sizes and task scenarios. Furthermore, multi-group hardware experiments show that the same policy can safely operate in dynamic environments, where other drone teams act as moving obstacles. These results indicate that the proposed framework enables efficient, safe, and scalable multi-drone payload transportation with strong generalization to complex real-world conditions.

多无人机强化学习安全控制仿真到现实

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