提出可预测控制的导管-组织交互模型,实现精准运动与安全接触力的平衡。
Interaction Dynamics Modeling and Predictive Control for Safe Steerable Catheter--Tissue Interaction

- 基于单段单绳导管建立法向坐标系下的交互动力学模型
- 预测控制器在0.5N约束下实现跟踪误差降低90%且接触力稳定在0.47N
- 无需传感器的增广卡尔曼滤波提升系统鲁棒性,适合医疗机器人应用
安全可调导管控制本质上是交互动力学问题:导管尖端需沿预定轨迹运动,对移动组织保持顺应性,抑制摩擦与迟滞,并遵守临床允许的最大接触力(0.5N)。本文针对单段单绳导管,在尖端法向坐标系下建模导管-组织交互动力学。采用部分物理前馈仅抵消可靠的名义弯曲动力学,暴露一个配置无关的线性交互动力学模型,其输入增益随导管标量惯性变化。预测优化器在硬性接触力、腱力和曲率约束下调节该交互状态。增广卡尔曼滤波将接触力、摩擦及建模误差压缩为单一无传感器干扰状态,在自由空间实现无偏调节,而力安全则由显式约束保障。无约束且无干扰极限恢复经典导管阻抗控制,作为同一交互动力学的特例而非设计核心。在八链接腱驱动导管的MuJoCo分布式柔度仿真中,干扰增强使自由空间逼近误差减少90%,仅力约束型预测交互动力学控制器同时满足追踪与0.5N上限要求:非约束控制器在穿透目标上达0.60N,约束控制器则稳定在0.47N。结果表明,无偏运动调节与接触力安全是耦合的交互动力学目标,显式预测约束可在刚性组织接触下化解二者矛盾。该力上限在0.5mm、1.2Hz心脏运动下仍成立。硬件验证为后续工作。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safe steerable catheter control is fundamentally a problem of interaction dynamics: the tip must follow a planned motion, remain compliant against moving tissue, reject friction and hysteresis, and respect a clinically meaningful never-exceed contact-force bound. We formulate catheter--tissue interaction dynamics in the scalar tip-normal coordinate of a single-segment single-tendon catheter. A partial-physics feedforward cancels only the reliable nominal bending dynamics, exposing a configuration-invariant linear interaction-dynamics model whose input gain varies through the scalar catheter inertia. A predictive optimizer then regulates this interaction state subject to hard contact-force, tendon-force, and curvature constraints. An augmented Kalman filter compresses contact, friction, and modeling error into one sensor-free disturbance state, giving nominal offset-free regulation in free space while leaving force safety to the explicit constraint. The unconstrained and disturbance-free limit recovers classical catheter impedance as a special realization of the same interaction dynamics, rather than as the main design object. In a MuJoCo distributed-compliance simulation of an eight-link tendon-driven catheter, disturbance augmentation cuts free-space approach error by 90\%, and only the force-constrained predictive interaction-dynamics controller reconciles tracking with the 0.5\,N bound: the unconstrained controller drives contact force to 0.60\,N against a penetrating target, while the constrained one holds 0.47\,N at identical tracking. These results show that offset-free motion regulation and contact-force safety are coupled interaction-dynamics objectives, and that the explicit predictive constraint resolves their tension under stiff tissue contact. The bound also holds under $0.5$\,mm, $1.2$\,Hz cardiac motion. Hardware validation is future work.
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