arXiv:2607.21327cs.DLcs.AI2026-07

用大模型+动态知识图谱升级传统科研分析,兼顾智能与可信。

From Static Bibliometrics to Dynamic Knowledge Graphs: An LLM-Powered Framework for Modernizing Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Analytics

  • 先构建动态知识图谱,再用大模型生成候选信息,严格验证后才纳入分析
  • 可识别科学趋势、追踪技术转化路径,比传统指标更及时精准
  • 适合政策制定者、科研管理者及科学计量研究者使用

传统科学、技术与创新(STI)分析依赖引文数量、h指数等文献计量指标,但存在时间滞后、语义浅显、无法捕捉知识生态非线性动态等问题。尽管动态知识图谱和大语言模型(LLMs)被视作解决方案,但现有学术知识图谱仍多为静态,而纯大模型流程易产生幻觉、不透明且受语料偏差影响。本文提出一种符号优先的混合框架,整合三类方法,在五层架构中实现:开放学术数据底座、动态版本化知识图谱、受控的LLM语义增强层、多层次验证管道和分析层。其中,大模型仅作为临时增补内容的生成器,只有通过结构、证据、比较和专家选择性验证的内容才可进入分析,全过程溯源可查。分析层支持传统指标与扩展图分析,如趋势涌现检测、科技转化路径映射、政策导向的缺口分析。核心理论贡献在于将验证机制作为语义灵活性与知识严谨性之间的中介原则,使分析既更富语义、响应更快,又符合科学计量研究的实证标准。同时讨论了可复现性、偏见与审计性治理问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Bibliometric indicators - citation counts, h-indexes, co-authorship networks - have long anchored science, technology, and innovation (STI) analytics, yet suffer from temporal lag, semantic shallowness, and an inability to capture the non-linear dynamics of contemporary knowledge ecosystems. Dynamic knowledge graphs and large language models (LLMs) have each been proposed as remedies, but neither is sufficient alone: existing scholarly knowledge graphs remain largely static, while LLM-driven pipelines are prone to hallucination, opacity, and corpus bias without structured grounding. This paper proposes a hybrid, symbolic-first framework integrating all three traditions under explicit methodological constraint. Organized across five layers - an open scholarly data backbone, a dynamic versioned knowledge graph, a constrained LLM-assisted semantic augmentation layer, a multi-layer validation pipeline, and an analytics layer - the framework positions LLMs strictly as generators of provisional candidate enrichments. Candidates become analytically admissible only after passing structural, evidentiary, comparative, and selective expert validation, with full provenance recorded at every stage. The analytics layer supports both established bibliometric indicators and extended graph-based analyses, including trend emergence detection, science-to-technology pathway mapping, and policy-oriented gap analysis. The framework's central theoretical contribution is treating validation as the mediating principle between semantic flexibility and epistemic discipline, enabling STI analytics that is semantically richer and temporally more responsive than static bibliometrics while remaining aligned with the evidentiary standards of science-of-science research. Governance considerations addressing reproducibility, bias, and auditability are also discussed.

知识图谱大模型应用科研分析动态建模

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