面对自主智能体，旧监管模式失效，需重构治理体系。
Regulating autonomous and agentic AI
- 将监管范围扩展至AI供应链，而非仅限于使用方
- 现有事后监督失效，需建立主动式风险防控机制
- 适用于政策制定者与科技治理研究者
当被监管对象使用自主性与代理型人工智能时，监管面临挑战。传统对被监管者知识与控制力的假设已不成立，相关能力多位于AI供应链其他环节，因此监管需覆盖整个链条。自主AI的治理系统无法沿用既有模式，必须采用全新方法。事后监督作为风险管控工具已失效，而AI自主性带来了新型系统性风险，亟需新应对方案。本文分析了四种监管体系：英国内容平台监管、数据保护制度、英国金融服务业监管，以及欧盟人工智能法案的跨领域监管框架。通过剖析自主与代理型AI带来的挑战，提出监管机构可采纳的潜在解决方案，推动监管从被动响应转向主动干预，以适应AI自主性的新现实。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Regulating activities where regulatees use autonomous and agentic AI is challenging. Regulatory assumptions about regulatee knowledge and control no longer hold true; much of that lies elsewhere in the AI supply chain which thus needs to be brought within the scope of regulation. Governance systems for autonomous AI cannot replicate existing governance models, but need a fresh approach. Retrospective supervisory oversight becomes ineffective as a risk management tool, and AI autonomy generates new systemic risks which require new solutions. This paper investigate four regulatory systems: UK regulation of content platforms, data protection, UK financial services, and the EU AI Act\'92s cross-sectoral regime. It analyses the challenges posed by autonomous and agentic AI and proposes potential solutions which regulators might adopt. These will transform regulation from a reactive process to an active one, and assist it in adapting to the challenges of AI autonomy.
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