用模拟生成方案、优化筛选，让供应链规划从手动建模转向自动高效决策。
SPORD: A Simulation-Propose-then-OR-Dispose Approach for Supply Chain Planning
- 先模拟生成所有可行路径，再用整数规划选出最优子集，解耦复杂性。
- 系统实现10-100倍加速，跨区履约率从6.1%降至4.9%，月均减碳5745吨。
- 透明可解释输出赢得管理层信任，模块化设计支持快速复用。
电商供应链规划长期依赖孤立项目，分析师需数周手工建模，且结果难验证、难落地。三大障碍：业务逻辑分散导致模型难统一；数百万SKU、数千节点与复杂路由使求解超时；即使数学最优也难被执行。为此，我们提出并部署了仿真-提议-或处置（SPORD）方法，集成于京东的NetSim平台。核心思想是解耦：仿真生成并评估所有运营合规的候选路径，吸收全部业务规则；整数规划则从中筛选全局最优子集。计算上，矩阵向量化加速使速度提升10-100倍，列表调度算法将联合订单处理从小时级压缩至分钟级。运营上，通过智能诊断引擎建立闭环。自2025年起，NetSim已优化超2万供应商的全流程服务，跨区域履约率由6.1%降至4.9%，平均每月减排约5,745吨CO2e。SPORD推动仿真从监控转向主动规划，透明输出促成管理者从质疑到协作，模块化架构确保新任务只需配置而非重建。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
For years, supply chain planning at e-commerce firms has operated as a collection of isolated projects. Each planning task from static network planning to dynamic warehouse assortment planning requires analysts to spend weeks building models from scratch, calibrating and persuading executives to act on outputs they cannot verify. Three barriers drive this: bespoke models proliferate because standardization is difficult (operational fragmentation); once unified, the combinatorial scale of millions of SKUs, thousands of nodes, and intricate routing logic exceeds what solvers can handle within a tight window (computational intractability); and a mathematically optimal solution still fails to be implemented if the executives do not trust it (implementation hurdle). To bridge this gap, we propose and implement the Simulation-Propose-then-OR-Dispose method, deployed as JD.com's NetSim platform. The central insight is decoupling: simulation proposes by generating and evaluating the full set of operationally valid candidate paths-absorbing all idiosyncratic business logic, while an integer program disposes by selecting the globally optimal subset. Computationally, matrix-vectorized CPU/GPU accelerated simulation achieves a 10-100 times speedup over serial methods, and a list scheduling algorithm reduces coupled-order processing from hours to minutes. Operationally, we establish a closed loop via an intelligent diagnosis engine. Since 2025, NetSim has optimized end to-end services for over 20,000 suppliers, the cross-regional fulfillment rate dropped from 6.1% to 4.9%, and the average monthly carbon reduction is approximately 5,745 tCO2e. SPORD moves simulation from monitoring to active planning. The transparent outputs turn skeptical executives into engaged collaborators, and the modular architecture ensures that the next planning requires just configuration, not reconstruction.
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