让复杂工具代理在任意环境里端到端训练,突破开源框架限制。
OpenForgeRL: Train Harness-native Agents in Any Environment

- 用轻量代理记录工具调用,结合K8s容器化运行,实现跨环境训练
- 数百到数千任务即达31.7 pass@3(ClawEval)和72.3(WebVoyager)
- 可研究不同工具对智能体行为的影响,适合想改进真实部署代理的研究者
现代AI代理依赖复杂的推理引擎(如Claude Code、Codex、OpenClaw)实现多轮推理、工具调用和外部系统访问。然而,这些复杂引擎难以与开源SFT/RL框架原生集成,导致无法端到端训练。为此,我们提出OpenForgeRL——一个开源框架,可在任意环境中端到端训练基于工具的代理。该框架通过轻量代理记录模型调用作为训练数据,并利用Kubernetes在独立远程容器中执行每轮训练,实现大规模跨环境适配。通过解耦训练与推理,研究人员可直接在真实部署环境中训练和优化代理。我们在多种复杂工具和环境上验证框架性能:OpenForgeClaw在ClawEval达31.7 pass@3,QwenClawBench达55.9 pass@3;OpenForgeGUI在OSWorld-Verified达37.7,在Online-Mind2Web达63.0,在WebVoyager达72.3,均优于同等规模开源基线,且在图形界面场景媲美甚至超越数倍更大的模型。分析显示,不同工具学习难度差异显著,强化学习提升代理可靠性(如自验证、工具覆盖、多步计划完成率),但错误恢复能力仍弱。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern AI agents rely on elaborate inference harnesses such as Claude Code, Codex, and OpenClaw to drive multi-turn reasoning, tool use, and access to external systems. While powerful, these complex harnesses also make agents hard to train end-to-end with open infrastructure, whose SFT/RL stacks cannot natively express stateful, multi-process harness inference. To address this, we present OpenForgeRL, an open-source framework for training harness-based agents end-to-end in diverse environments. OpenForgeRL achieves this with a lightweight proxy that serves the harness's model calls while recording them as training data for a standard RL codebase (e.g., veRL), and a Kubernetes orchestrator that runs each rollout in its own remote container, together enabling training on any harness in any environment at scale. By decoupling training and inference, OpenForgeRL allows researchers to easily train, study, and improve agents directly in the real harnesses and environments they are deployed with. We validate our framework across diverse, complex harnesses and environments, spanning tool/claw-based agents and multimodal GUI browser- and computer-use agents. Using only hundreds to a few thousand tasks, OpenForgeClaw reaches 31.7 pass^3 and 55.9 pass@3 on ClawEval and 33.7 on QwenClawBench. OpenForgeGUI reaches 37.7 on OSWorld-Verified, 63.0 on Online-Mind2Web, and 72.3 on WebVoyager. Both outperform open baselines of similar size on nearly all benchmarks, and in the GUI setting match or surpass models several times larger. Beyond benchmarks, we analyze how harness choice (e.g., ZeroClaw, OpenClaw, Codex) and RL shape agent behavior. We find that some harnesses are substantially harder to learn than others, and that RL improves agentic reliability, such as self-verification, tool coverage, and completing multi-step plans, though critical abilities such as error recovery remain weak.
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