arXiv:2607.21932cs.CEcs.AI2026-07

提出可同时处理多种参数与边界条件的神经算子,兼顾物理准确性与计算效率。

Generalized Neural Operator for Parametric and Boundary-Value Problems

论文配图:Generalized Neural Operator for Parametric and Boundary-Value Problems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过显式建模参数与边界条件,实现对PDE问题的统一求解
  • 在多个物理场景下保持高泛化能力,推理速度接近传统数值方法
  • 适合需要快速、准确模拟复杂物理系统的研究者使用

构建偏微分方程(PDE)的基础神经模拟器需在不同物理参数和边界条件下具备强泛化能力。然而,现有深度学习方法在无条件部署与物理保真度之间存在结构性权衡:纯数据驱动的算子隐式学习物理规律,缺乏显式约束,导致解不物理;而物理信息神经网络(PINNs)虽严格满足物理约束,但需针对每例进行昂贵优化。此外,新兴大规模基础算子显著降低了推理速度,难以超越传统数值求解器。为突破这一瓶颈,本文提出一种广义神经算子(Generalized Neural Operator),将经典适定性条件形式化融入神经算子框架,理论上证明显式依赖于参数与边界条件的优势。为此设计三个新组件:参数门控核混合机制实现高效参数泛化,广义边界转移算子将任意边界条件映射至统一潜空间狄利克雷表示,以及专用训练目标保障稳定性。大量实验表明,该理论驱动的方法在异构物理场景中表现更优,且推理效率与传统数值基准相当。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Developing foundational neural simulators for Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) requires robust generalization across diverse physical parameters and boundary conditions. However, current deep learning approaches largely face a structural trade-off between condition-agnostic deployment and physical fidelity. Purely data-driven operators infer the underlying physics implicitly and thus lack the explicit constraints needed to ensure physically valid solutions across varying domains, rendering the learning problem ill-posed. On the other hand, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) enforce rigorous physical constraints but necessitate costly, instance-specific optimization. Furthermore, the massive scale of emerging foundational operators has severely degraded their inference speeds, making them computationally uncompetitive with traditional numerical solvers. To address this bottleneck between condition-agnostic deployment, physical rigor, and inference efficiency, we propose a \textit{Generalized Neural Operator}. By formalizing the classical conditions for well-posedness within neural operators, our framework demonstrates the theoretical benefits of explicitly conditioning on PDE parameters and boundary conditions. To implement this synthesis without compromising computational speed, we introduce three novel architectural components: a parameter-gated mixture of kernels for efficient parameter generalization, a generalized boundary transfer operator that projects arbitrary boundary constraints into a unified latent Dirichlet representation, and a specialized training objective to ensure stability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our theoretically grounded approach achieves superior generalization across heterogeneous physical regimes while maintaining strict inference efficiency comparable to conventional numerical baselines.

神经算子PDE求解物理信息

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