arXiv:2607.22145cs.RO2026-07中稿 · IMAV 2026

提升无人机激光惯性里程计实时性,实现200Hz稳定输出

Flight-Ready LiDAR-Inertial Odometry for Embedded Drone Platforms

论文配图:Flight-Ready LiDAR-Inertial Odometry for Embedded Drone Platforms
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • IMU速率前向传播+双执行器隔离,突破10Hz输出瓶颈
  • 输出频率从10Hz提升至200Hz,全程保持姿态连续性
  • 适配嵌入式无人机平台,可直接用于FAST-LIO2改进

开源激光惯性里程计(LIO)系统在基准测试中表现优异,但现有先进实现主要针对评估性能优化,不满足实时闭环飞行控制需求。本文分析了一种典型紧耦合IESKF-based LIO系统的五大架构缺陷:里程计发布绑定于10Hz的激光雷达频率、缺少速度输出、执行阻塞导致IMU处理延迟、互斥锁竞争和同步竞态条件。提出改进包括:基于IMU速率的前向传播、直接发布体坐标系速度、基于SLERP的平滑处理、双执行器隔离以及显式同步保护。改进后系统将里程计输出从约10Hz提升至稳定200Hz,每帧IMU样本均提供完整Twist状态,在激光雷达短暂丢失时仍保持连续性。实验基于Livox Mid-360与Pixhawk 4 Mini无人机平台,采用运动捕捉地面真值验证。由于底层估计算法(IESKF + ikd-Tree)未改变,该改进可直接应用于FAST-LIO2衍生系统。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Open-source LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO) systems have achieved remarkable benchmark accuracy, yet current state-of-the-art implementations are primarily optimized for evaluation performance rather than the requirements of real-time closed-loop aerial control. When deployed onboard UAVs, this can introduce limitations that degrade flight performance. In this work, we identify five architectural deficiencies in a representative tightly coupled IESKF-based LIO implementation: odometry publishing tied to the LiDAR rate (10 Hz instead of the IMU's 200 Hz), missing velocity outputs, execution bottlenecks that block IMU processing, mutex contention, and synchronization race conditions. We introduce corresponding modifications including IMU-rate forward propagation, direct body-frame velocity publishing, SLERP-based smoothing, dual-executor isolation, and explicit synchronization protection. The resulting system increases odometry output from ~10 Hz to a stable 200 Hz, provides a complete Twist state at every IMU sample, and preserves continuity during transient LiDAR loss. Experiments on a Livox Mid-360 / Pixhawk 4 Mini autonomous UAV with motion-capture ground truth validate the approach. Since the underlying estimator (IESKF + ikd-Tree) remains unchanged, the proposed improvements can be directly applied to FAST-LIO2-derived implementations.

无人机激光雷达里程计实时系统

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