arXiv:2607.22200cs.CV2026-07

通过隐式布局分析压缩文档OCR中的冗余视觉标记,显著提速且不损失识别精度。

LayoutLite: Token-Level Implicit Layout Analysis for Efficient Document OCR

论文配图:LayoutLite: Token-Level Implicit Layout Analysis for Efficient Document OCR
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在视觉编码器与语言解码器间进行逐标记重要性评分,动态过滤低信息量区域。
  • 在OmniDocBench上实现最高50%的视觉标记压缩,推理延迟、算力和缓存内存均降超40%。
  • 无需人工标注,基于强化学习训练,适合部署于各类文档OCR视觉语言模型。

基于视觉-语言模型的端到端文档OCR系统虽性能强劲,但受限于文档图像生成的大量视觉标记。其中许多标记对应空白边距或视觉冗余区域,直接使用通用标记压缩方法可能损失关键细粒度信息。本文提出LayoutLite,一种轻量级即插即用模块,实现文档级隐式布局分析。该模块在视觉编码器与语言解码器之间,对多层视觉表示进行聚合,并通过轻量评分网络为每个视觉标记预测重要性分数。低信息标记被移除,同时保留原始空间位置信息。为避免人工标注,将标记选择建模为强化学习问题,采用组相对策略优化目标,结合辅助布局监督信号以稳定训练。在OmniDocBench上的实验表明,LayoutLite可大幅减少视觉标记长度与推理开销,识别质量几乎无损。进一步在FireRed-OCR和Logics-Parsing-V2两个专用文档OCR VLM上验证,最高50%标记压缩下,保持相近得分,预填充延迟、浮点运算量(FLOPs)及键值缓存内存均下降超过40%,仅带来微小额外推理开销。结果表明,标记级隐式布局分析是加速VLM类文档OCR的有效实用方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

End-to-end OCR systems based on vision-language models have achieved strong performance in complex document OCR, but their efficiency is limited by the large number of visual tokens produced from document images. Many of these tokens correspond to blank margins or visually redundant regions, yet directly applying generic visual token compression methods may remove OCR-critical fine-grained details. In this paper, we propose LayoutLite, a lightweight plug-and-play module for efficient document OCR. Instead of relying on explicit document layout detection, LayoutLite performs implicit layout analysis at the token level between the vision encoder and the language decoder. It aggregates multi-layer visual representations from the vision encoder, and predicts an importance score for each visual token with a lightweight scoring network. Low-information tokens are then removed before entering the language decoder while preserving the original spatial positional information of retained tokens. To train LayoutLite without human annotations, we cast token selection as a reinforcement learning problem and optimize it with a group-relative policy optimization objective driven by OCR output consistency, together with an auxiliary layout supervision signal to stabilize training. Experiments on OmniDocBench demonstrate that LayoutLite can substantially reduce visual token length and inference cost with negligible degradation in recognition quality. We further evaluate LayoutLite on two OCR-specialized VLMs, FireRed-OCR and Logics-Parsing-V2. Under up to 50% token compression, LayoutLite preserves almost the same score on both models while reducing prefill latency, FLOPs, and KV cache memory by over 40%, with only a small additional inference overhead. These results show that token-level implicit layout analysis is an effective and practical approach for accelerating VLM-based OCR systems.

文档OCR视觉语言模型效率优化标记压缩

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