用知识驱动设计打造可信高校辅导机器人,提升教学一致性。
Teachy Mini: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Knowledge-Based Generative Social Robot for Higher Education

- 基于知识的系统设计,结合检索增强与状态化提示
- 24名学生测试显示其辅导行为更符合负责任教学标准
- 适合教育科技、人机交互研究者关注
生成式社交机器人(GSR)通过大语言模型为高等教育提供个性化辅导,但也存在信息误导、透明度不足或强化错误回答等风险。已有研究提出知识驱动设计(KBD)要求,明确GSR在高等教育中实现负责任有效教学的信息基础。本文在Reachy Mini机器人平台上,通过系统提示、检索增强生成和状态化提示编排,实现了部分KBD要求,构建了教学机器人Teachy Mini。为评估系统,我们开展初步实验,24名参与者完成关于研究方法的学习任务,分别由Teachy Mini或不遵循KBD原则的对照机器人引导。结果表明,Teachy Mini被感知为更符合负责任教学行为;操控检验显示其在个性化、基于幻灯片解释、苏格拉底提问、情感支持和以学习者为中心的反馈方面更一致。尽管在系统接受度、内在动机和学习效果上无显著差异,探索性分析显示考虑学习者偏好后,KBD对客观学习成效有正向影响。整体表明,该研究首次实现并初步评估了面向教育场景的KBD应用,证明其可塑造负责任的机器人行为,并可能提升机器人辅助学习的效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative social robots (GSRs) powered by large language models offer new possibilities for personalized tutoring in higher education, but also introduce risks related to misinformation, missing transparency, or reinforcing incorrect student responses. Prior work identified knowledge-based design (KBD) requirements that define the informational prerequisites for GSRs to manifest responsible and effective tutoring behavior in higher education. In this paper, we operationalized selected KBD requirements in the Reachy Mini robot platform through system prompting, retrieval-augmented generation, and stateful prompt orchestration. As a result, we present Teachy Mini, a GSR tutoring system that was developed using KBD. To test the system, we conducted a preliminary evaluation study. Participants (N = 24) completed a robot-guided learning session about research methodologies. They learned either with Teachy Mini or with a control version that did not follow KBD principles. Teachy Mini was perceived as significantly more aligned with responsible tutoring behavior than the control robot. Moreover, a manipulation check illustrated that Teachy Mini used personalization, slide-grounded explanations, Socratic questioning, affective support, and learner-anchored feedback more consistently than the control robot. No significant between-condition differences were found in system acceptance, intrinsic motivation, or learning effectiveness, although exploratory analyses suggested a positive effect of KBD on objective learning gains when accounting for learner preferences. Overall, the study offered an initial implementation and preliminary evaluation of KBD for GSR tutoring, indicating that KBD can shape responsible robot behavior and potentially increase learning effectiveness in robot-supported learning.
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