arXiv:2607.22483cs.RO2026-07

实现可在线调整的任意方向柔顺控制,让不同机械臂通用同一套控制代码。

Plug, Play, and Comply: A Modular Framework for Online Variable Impedance with Arbitrarily Oriented Compliance Axes

论文配图:Plug, Play, and Comply: A Modular Framework for Online Variable Impedance with Arbitrarily Oriented Compliance Axes
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 插件化架构分离控制逻辑与硬件接口,支持即插即用。
  • 实时更新柔顺方向以适应任务几何变化,提升接触操作灵活性。
  • 开源框架适配多种机械臂,开发部署无需修改代码。

本文提出一种机器人无关的柔顺控制框架,扩展了ROS控制生态,提供标准化的关节与笛卡尔空间命令接口。现有控制软件缺乏跨机械臂复用的柔顺控制基础设施。该框架采用插件式架构,将控制器基础设施与控制律实现分离:通用封装利用现有硬件抽象对接不同机械臂,运行时加载的插件仅实现控制律。命令接口支持关节/笛卡尔参考、刚度与阻尼增益、空闲空间目标及前馈项,实现可变阻抗与多样柔顺控制策略。机器人运动学与动力学通过URDF模型结合Pinocchio计算。该架构促进柔顺控制策略开发,并实现同一代码在多平台无修改部署。完整框架包含参考控制器、高层任务接口及多种机械臂示例配置,已开源。参考笛卡尔阻抗控制器支持任务依赖的柔顺性,可通过旋转平移与旋转刚度/阻尼矩阵,使主柔顺方向根据局部任务几何在线更新,而非固定于机器人基座或工具坐标系。这对接触密集型操作至关重要,因期望运动方向、约束及柔顺方向可能随任务动态变化。真实机器人实验验证了接触操作中的任务依赖柔顺性,仿真表明其可在具有不同运动学与动力学特性的机械臂间无缝迁移。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The paper proposes a robot-agnostic compliant-control framework that extends the ROS control ecosystem with standardized joint and Cartesian command interfaces. It addresses a key limitation of existing control software: no reusable infrastructure for implementing compliant-control algorithms across different manipulators while preserving a common interface to higher-level applications. A plugin-based architecture separates controller infrastructure from control-law implementation. Generic wrappers use existing hardware abstractions to interface with different manipulators, while runtime-loaded plugins implement only the control law. Command interfaces support joint- and Cartesian-space references, stiffness and damping gains, nullspace targets, and feedforward terms, enabling variable impedance and diverse compliant-control formulations. Robot kinematics and dynamics are computed from URDF models using Pinocchio. The architecture facilitates the development of compliant-control strategies and enables the same implementation to be deployed across platforms unchanged. The complete framework, including reference controllers, high-level task interfaces, and example configurations for various manipulators, is open-sourced. The reference Cartesian impedance controller supports task-dependent compliance by rotating translational and rotational stiffness and damping, allowing the principal compliance directions to be updated online according to local task geometry rather than remaining fixed in the robot base or TCP frame. This is particularly important in contact-rich manipulation, where the desired directions of motion, constraints, and compliance directions may vary throughout task execution. Real-robot experiments demonstrate task-dependent compliance in contact-rich manipulation, while simulations show portability across manipulators with distinct kinematic and dynamic characteristics.

柔顺控制机器人控制ROS插件架构

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