用隐空间流匹配与约束感知先验,高效生成电力系统可行的多解方案。
FMOPF: Latent Flow Matching with Constraint-Aware Interaction Priors for AC Optimal Power Flow
- 分离压缩与生成任务,通过隐空间流匹配建模解空间分布。
- 在数百节点系统上保持完全可行性,尾部风险最低。
- 适合电力系统调度、风险评估与多目标优化场景使用。
交流最优潮流(AC OPF)在非线性功率平衡约束下确定最小成本发电调度,每日需求解数千次以支持电力市场运行。随着可再生能源渗透率提高,单一最优调度已不足以满足需求,操作员需要对近似可行解的分布进行表征,以实现风险量化、灵敏度分析和多目标权衡。监督神经网络虽能快速给出点估计,但无法捕捉条件分布;基于扩散模型的生成方法理论上可生成多样化解,但在原始状态空间中存在解质量下降且难以扩展至中大型系统的问题。本文指出其根源在于单模型同时承担解空间压缩与条件映射两任务。为此提出FMOPF框架,通过隐空间流匹配解耦压缩与生成,并引入约束感知交互先验网络显式建模负荷-状态耦合关系。在四个IEEE测试系统上的实验表明,FMOPF提供了最有效的牛顿-拉夫逊热启动,生成方法中尾部风险最低,且是首个可扩展至数百节点系统并保持全可行性的方法。消融实验证实隐空间生成管道是物理可行性的必要条件,而交互先验起到了后期尾部风险控制作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AC optimal power flow determines the minimum-cost generation dispatch under nonlinear power balance constraints and is solved thousands of times daily in electricity market operations. Learning a direct mapping from load conditions to OPF solutions can accelerate this computation, yet with deepening renewable penetration, a single optimal dispatch is no longer sufficient. Operators require a characterization of the distribution of feasible near-optimal solutions for risk quantification, sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective trade-off assessment. Supervised neural networks provide fast point predictions but cannot capture this conditional distribution. Diffusion-based generative models can sample diverse solutions in principle, yet existing methods operating in the raw state space exhibit degraded solution quality and fail to scale beyond medium-sized systems. We identify the root cause as the conflation of two distinct tasks within a single model. Compressing the high-dimensional OPF solution manifold is one task, and learning the conditional mapping from loads to that manifold is another. This paper presents FMOPF, a framework that resolves this conflation by decoupling compression from generation through latent flow matching and by explicitly modeling load-state coupling through a Constraint-Aware Interaction Prior Network. Experiments on four IEEE test systems demonstrate that FMOPF provides the most effective Newton-Raphson warm starts, achieves the lowest tail risk among generative methods, and is the first such method to scale to systems with several hundred buses while preserving full feasibility. Ablation studies confirm that the latent generation pipeline is a necessary condition for physical feasibility and that the interaction prior functions as a late-stage tail-risk controller.
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