让云服务在不耽误响应速度的前提下,大幅减少碳排放。
SLA-Constrained Carbon-Aware Routing in Geo-Distributed Serverless Clouds

- 根据电力碳强度动态选择最清洁的部署区域,同时保证服务延迟达标。
- 实测可降低46.8%碳排放,平均减排27.4%,且无任何服务超时。
- 适合关注绿色计算与可持续云计算的开发者和运维团队。
现代云服务将应用分布于多个地理区域,但传统路由仅优化延迟,忽略各地电网碳强度波动。以延迟为导向的路由会带来可避免的碳排放,尤其当更清洁的区域仍在可接受延迟范围内时。本文提出一种在服务等级协议(SLA)约束下的碳感知路由模型,实现跨地理区域的最优碳减排。基于5个主要AWS部署区的真实碳强度数据评估,实验表明该策略在所有阈值下均实现零SLA违规,碳排放最高降低46.8%。在混合负载下平均碳减排27.4%,路由开销低于总请求延迟的0.02%。对12个覆盖6大洲的AWS区域的可扩展性研究显示,随着路由灵活性提升,平均碳减排从27.4%增至47.5%。该工作助力联合国可持续发展目标13(气候行动)与7(可负担清洁能源),证明云系统可在不牺牲用户体验的前提下实现显著碳减排。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern cloud deployments distribute applications across multiple geographic regions, yet standard routing mechanisms prioritize latency while ignoring the fluctuating carbon intensity of local power grids. Latency-driven routing incurs avoidable carbon emissions, particularly when cleaner regions are within acceptable latency bounds. The proposed model formulates the carbon-aware serverless routing problem as a constrained optimization over geo-distributed cloud regions and introduces an SLA-constrained carbon-aware routing policy that achieves optimal carbon reduction within the SLA-feasible region, evaluated using real carbon intensity measurements across 5 primary AWS deployments. Experimental results show that the proposed policy achieves up to 46.8% carbon reduction while maintaining zero SLA violations across all evaluated thresholds. The system reduces carbon by an average of 27.4% under mixed workloads, and the routing overhead is very low (less than 0.02% of total request latency). A scalability study across 12 AWS regions spanning 6 continents demonstrates that average carbon savings increase from 27.4% to 47.5% as routing flexibility expands under mixed workloads. The proposed work contributes to SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by enabling low-carbon routing decisions. These results indicate that cloud systems can achieve significant carbon savings without compromising user experience.
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