仅用简单测量即可精准重建量子系统任意耗散动力学。
Characterizing Arbitrary Lindbladian Dynamics with a Few Pauli Measurements
- 用泡利态制备和测量，无需辅助比特或纠缠
- 在误差可控条件下，以少量实验实现高精度系数重构
- 适合量子硬件验证与纠错研究者使用
量子设备是开放系统，其动力学同时包含相干演化与耗散，基准测试、错误缓解和纠错均依赖于对两者的真实建模。现有方法或需预知相互作用结构，或依赖辅助量子比特、纠缠探针或中途控制，或仅能捕捉噪声的泡利对角部分。本文提出一种新协议：仅通过泡利态制备、一次不间断前向演化及泡利测量，即可重构任意稀疏马尔可夫生成元，包括所有哈密顿量与跃迁算符系数。给定稀疏度预算 $M_0$ 与李普希茨常数上限 $Γ$，所有系数可在 $ ilde{O}(Γ^2M_0^2/ε^4)$ 次实验和 $ ilde{O}(ΓM_0^2/ε^2)$ 总演化时间内达到精度 $ε$，且支持结构可从数据中无局域假设地识别。该协议在硬件时钟格点上以对数数量的正演化时间运行，并对校准的状态制备与测量误差具有理论鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum devices are open systems whose dynamics interleave coherent evolution with dissipation, and benchmarking, error mitigation, and error correction all rest on a faithful model of both. Existing characterization protocols either assume prior knowledge of the interaction and noise structure, or demand ancillas, entangled probes, or mid-circuit control, or capture only the Pauli-diagonal part of the noise. Here, we present a protocol that reconstructs an arbitrary sparse Markovian generator, including every Hamiltonian together with the jump operator coefficients, using only product Pauli state preparation, single uninterrupted forward evolutions, and product Pauli measurements. Given a sparsity budget $M_0$ and a strength bound $Γ$ of the Lindbladian, every coefficient is learned to precision $ε$ from $\widetilde{O}(Γ^2M_0^2/ε^4)$ experiments and $\widetilde{O}(ΓM_0^2/ε^2)$ total evolution time, with both supports identified from data without locality assumptions. The protocol runs at a logarithmic number of positive evolution times on a hardware clock lattice and is provably robust to calibrated state-preparation and measurement errors.
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