将神经跳跃微分方程扩展至函数空间,实现连续时间过程的最优预测。
Operator Neural Jump ODEs: $L^2$-optimal prediction in function spaces

- 通过算子神经跳跃微分方程直接处理函数值过程,避免离散化损失信息。
- 在 $L^2(Ξ, \mathbb{R}^{d_X})$ 空间中逼近条件期望,实现最优预测。
- 适用于收益率曲线、波动率面等函数型数据,适合金融时序建模场景。
本文研究将神经跳跃微分方程(Neural Jump ODEs)推广到无限维函数空间。在此框架下,基础过程 $X$ 的取值从 $\mathbb{R}^{d_X}$ 扩展为 $L^2(Ξ, \mathbb{R}^{d_X})$,Operator NJ-ODE 通过生成条件期望的代表性元素来近似该过程的最优预测。该模型支持基于离散、可能不规则且不完整的观测进行在线学习,已广泛应用于路径依赖过程、含观测噪声与相关观测、长时预测及输入输出系统。然而此前所有工作均局限于有限维过程。函数型问题如收益率曲线或波动率表面的预测,以往需经离散化处理,导致信息丢失。本文借助神经算子思想,将NJ-ODE框架拓展至无限维输出过程。为证明其收敛性,提出一种新近似策略,在有限维情形下也放宽了先前假设,实现了更通用的理论保障。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this paper, we study the extension of Neural Jump ODEs to infinite-dimensional function spaces. In particular, the underlying process $X$ now takes values in $L^2(Ξ, \mathbb{R}^{d_X})$ instead of $\mathbb{R}^{d_X}$ and the Operator NJ-ODE approximates the optimal predictor of this process by producing a representative of the conditional expectation. The NJ-ODE model is a framework for online learning the optimal prediction of continuous-time stochastic processes, given discrete, possibly irregular and incomplete past observations. In a series of works, this model has been extended to deal with generic path-dependent processes, with observation noise and dependent observations, with long-term predictions, and with input-output systems. However, throughout all of these works, the underlying processes were restricted to be finite-dimensional. In particular, function-valued problems, like yield curve or volatility surface predictions, could only be handled through discretization, which inherently leads to a loss of information. In this work, we build on ideas from Neural Operator methods that allow us to extend the NJ-ODE framework to an infinite-dimensional output process. To prove convergence of the NJ-ODE to the optimal prediction process, we develop a new approximation strategy that also generalizes previous works in the finite-dimensional setting by considerably weakening the assumptions.
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