arXiv:2607.23924cs.CVcs.AI2026-07

利用视觉模型[CLS] token的双重特性,实现无需训练的高精度异常检测。

DuoAD: Leveraging [CLS] Dual Characteristics for Training-Free Few-Shot Anomaly Detection

论文配图:DuoAD: Leveraging [CLS] Dual Characteristics for Training-Free Few-Shot Anomaly Detection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过[CLS]语义一致性自动选择增强策略
  • 基于[CLS]注意力图动态重加权特征,提升定位精度
  • 单配置适配多数据集,适合快速部署

视觉基础模型已推动无需训练的异常检测发展。然而,现有方法多依赖独立局部块特征,忽视了视觉变换器(ViTs)编码的全局上下文信息。本文发现ViT [CLS] token具有双重特性:其嵌入提供与异常无关的全局语义表示,而注意力图则隐式突出空间异常区域。基于此,提出完全自动化的异常检测框架,无需手动调参。该框架引入(1)基于[CLS]层级语义一致性的自动增强选择策略,(2)注意力引导的特征重加权机制,根据[CLS]注意力显著性动态调整块贡献。在多层级特征上集成上述组件,实现稳定异常评分与精准定位。在单样本设置下,于MVTec-AD、VisA、Real-IAD上分别取得97.7%、93.2%、84.5%的Image-AUC。使用单一固定配置适配不同类别、主干网络和数据集,建立了即插即用、无需训练异常检测的新基准,兼具强鲁棒性与实际可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Vision foundation models have enabled strong training-free anomaly detection (AD). However, most existing approaches rely primarily on independent local patch features, leaving the global contextual information encoded by Vision Transformers (ViTs) underexploited. In this work, we identify the dual characteristics of the ViT [CLS] token: its embedding provides anomaly-invariant global semantic representation, while its attention maps implicitly highlight spatially abnormal regions. Building on this observation, we propose a fully automated AD framework leveraging global context to remove manual tunings. Our framework introduces (1) an automatic augmentation selection strategy driven by [CLS]-level semantic consistency, and (2) an attention-guided feature reweighting mechanism that dynamically adjusts patch contributions according to [CLS] attention saliency. By integrating these components over multi-level features, our method achieves stable anomaly scoring and precise localization without training or parameter tuning. Under the one-shot setting, it achieves Image-AUC scores of 97.7%, 93.2%, and 84.5% on MVTec-AD, VisA, and Real-IAD. Using a single fixed configuration across categories, backbones, and datasets, the method establishes a new state-of-the-art for plug-and-play, training-free anomaly detection while maintaining strong robustness and practical scalability.

异常检测视觉模型无训练ViT

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