用一张高质量图提升多模态推荐的三重效果,兼顾精度与效率。
One Graph, Multiple Gains: Single High-Quality Item-Item Graph for Multimodal Recommendation

- 构建融合语义与共现的高质物品图,通过结构一致性重加权优化边
- 同一图在表示、交互、优化三阶段复用,显著提升冷启动场景性能
- 理论分析支持各模块有效性,实测速度快、显存低,适合工业部署
多模态推荐利用物品的多模态特征与协同信号捕捉用户偏好。现有方法通常构建包含噪声相似边的物品-物品图,且仅将其用于单一的表示传播任务,未充分挖掘其潜力。本文提出IIMRec框架,在预处理阶段构建单一高质量物品-物品图,并系统性地在推荐流程的三个阶段复用:表示增强、交互图增强与优化增强。该图通过融合语义与共现信号构建,并经由邻域一致性边重加权(NCER)精炼,依据三元闭包原则强化可靠边、抑制虚假边。图构建后,分三步应用:(1) 使用残差物品门(RIG)进行物品-物品传播,自适应控制每项对语义邻居信号的吸收以增强表示;(2) 内容引导的用户-物品图扩展,通过高置信度语义邻居引入虚拟用户-物品边以增强交互图;(3) 物品-邻居BPR增强(INA),将正样本物品的前几名邻居视为折扣软正例用于优化。理论分析表明,NCER降低谱噪声比,RIG收敛至非退化门控状态,INA获得更紧泛化界。在四个数据集上的大量实验显示,IIMRec持续优于现有最优基线,运行更快、显存占用更低,尤其在冷启动和稀疏交互条件下表现突出。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal recommendation leverages item multimodal features alongside collaborative signals to capture user preferences. While item-item graphs have become a key building block in advanced models, existing methods typically construct them with noisy similarity edges and limit their role to a single function of item-item representation propagation, leaving substantial potential untapped. In this paper, we propose IIMRec, a framework that constructs a single high-quality item-item graph during preprocessing and systematically reuses it across three stages of the recommendation pipeline: representation enhancement, interaction graph enhancement, and optimization enhancement. The graph is built by fusing semantic and co-occurrence signals, then refined via Neighborhood Consistency Edge Reweighting (NCER), which applies the triadic closure principle to amplify structurally reliable edges and suppress spurious ones. Once constructed, the graph is leveraged in three complementary ways: (1) Item-item propagation with a Residual II Gate (RIG) that adaptively controls per-item absorption of semantic neighborhood signals for representation enhancement; (2) A content-guided UI graph expansion that introduces virtual user-item edges through high-confidence semantic neighbors for interaction graph enhancement; (3) II-Neighbor BPR Augmentation (INA) that treats top neighbors of positive items as discounted soft positives for optimization enhancement. We provide theoretical analysis showing that NCER reduces the spectral noise-to-signal ratio, RIG converges to a non-degenerate gating regime, and INA yields a tighter generalization bound. Extensive experiments on four datasets demonstrate that IIMRec consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines while running faster and consuming less GPU memory, with particularly strong gains under cold-start and sparse-interaction conditions.
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