大模型能辅助专业翻译找术语,但还比不上专业语料库。
On the Use of LLMs for Specialised Terminology: A Good Alternative to Corpora?
- 用大模型直接查术语,比传统语料库更省时。
- Claude Sonnet 4.5在特定提示下准确率达78.3%。
- 适合需要快速查术语的译者和学习者参考。
专业翻译依赖文献与术语资源,如语料库,但其构建和使用需大量时间、技术与数据支持。本研究评估GPT-4o、GPT-5.2、Claude Sonnet 4.5和DeepSeek四款大模型在地球、环境与行星科学(EEPS)及自然语言处理(NLP)两个领域中,从英语到法语的术语等效词查找能力。实验基于每领域80个术语,对比术语模式与翻译模式两种提示策略。结果表明,模型表现差异显著,提示方式影响更大,领域影响较小。Claude Sonnet 4.5在最优配置下表现最佳,准确率78.3%;DeepSeek则展现更高稳定性。对置信度的分析显示,其仅部分反映术语准确性。总体表明,大模型可作为专业译者的辅助工具,但现阶段尚无法替代专业语料库。本研究为未来在实际工作与教育场景中评估大模型实用性提供了基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Specialised translation relies on the use of documentary and terminological resources, including corpora. These resources are particularly useful for terminology. However, their compilation and exploitation have several limitations: they require time, technical skills and access to data that can be difficult to collect. This study examines the extent to which LLMs can assist specialised translators in finding equivalents from English to French. We evaluate four proprietary models, GPT-4o, GPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.5 and DeepSeek, in two specialised domains, Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences (EEPS) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The experiment is based on 80 terms per domain and compares two prompting strategies: a terminology and a translation mode. The results highlight clear differences between models, prompting strategies and, to a lesser extent, domains. Claude Sonnet 4.5 achieves the best results in the most favourable configuration, while DeepSeek stands out for its greater stability. Analysis of confidence estimates also shows that they are only a partial indicator of terminological accuracy. Overall, the findings suggest that LLMs can be useful tools for specialised translators, but cannot, at this stage, replace specialised corpora. This research therefore paves the way for future work on the real practical usefulness of LLMs for specialised translators in work and educational contexts.
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