通过敲击键盘错误后停顿时间，精准捕捉帕金森病运动迟缓特征。
Backspace as a Natural Experiment: An Accelerated Failure Time Model of Selective Post-Error Motor Impairment in Parkinsons Disease
- 用退格键作为自然纠错事件，区分错误前不稳定与错误后恢复速度。
- 错误后停顿时间与病情严重度相关（r=0.656，p=0.0002），反映运动恢复障碍。
- 方法适用于日常设备采集，对早期诊断和远程监测有实用价值。
帕金森病（PD）选择性影响运动控制的不同阶段。利用公开的neuroQWERTY MIT-CSXPD数据集（n=57人，其中27例为帕金森患者，使用UPDRS-III评分），我们以退格操作作为自然的纠错事件，检验被动采集的击键时序能否分离出基于变异性的错误前监控信号与基于速度的错误后恢复信号。错误前打字不稳定性与疾病严重程度无关（r=-0.072，p=0.721），而错误后停顿时间则显著相关（r=+0.656，p=0.0002；个体水平OLS p=1.2×10⁻⁴，n=27，主分析采用组内事件聚类）。混合效应对数正态模型（含随机截距）验证该结果，保留完整事件级统计效能（系数=0.0250，p=1.2×10⁻⁴，n=1,563事件），结果与个体层面分析高度一致。错误检测延迟也与UPDRS-III评分相关（r=+0.660），证实分离的是变异性与速度，而非检测与修正本身。对数正态加速失效时间模型得系数0.0255（95%置信区间[0.0146, 0.0357]），每提升1分UPDRS-III，停顿时间增加约2.6%。在控制即时动作速度后，系数降至0.0133（p=3.1×10⁻²¹），表明该效应独立于普遍的运动迟缓。结果在不同子集（如S2：r=+0.645）中稳健，经刀切法排除任意受试者仍成立，并与手指敲击和mPower智能手机打字任务表现相关（组别AUC=0.836），重复测量信度高（ICC(2,1)=0.945，n=20）。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Parkinson's disease (PD) selectively impairs distinct stages of motor control. Using backspace events as natural error-correction episodes in the public neuroQWERTY MIT-CSXPD dataset (n=57 subjects, 27 PD with UPDRS-III scores), we test whether passively-collected keystroke timing dissociates a variability-based pre-error monitoring signal from a speed-based post-error recovery signal. Pre-error typing instability does not track PD severity (r=-0.072, p=0.721), while post-error pause duration does (r=+0.656, p=0.0002; subject-level OLS p=1.2x10^-4, n=27, primary analysis given within-subject event clustering). A mixed-effects log-normal model with a random subject intercept confirms this while retaining full event-level power (coef=0.0250, p=1.2x10^-4, n=1,563 events), closely matching the subject-level OLS despite an unrelated estimation strategy. Error-detection latency also correlates with UPDRS-III (r=+0.660), confirming the dissociation is between variability and speed, not detection and correction per se. A log-normal accelerated failure time model yields a coefficient of 0.0255 (bootstrap 95% CI [0.0146, 0.0357]), a 2.6% increase per UPDRS-III point. After controlling the immediately thecoefficient attenuates to 0.0133 (p=3.1x10^-21),consistent w timingincrement above general bradykinesia. Results reacross both S2:r=+0.645), survive jackknife exclusion of every subject, andnatingfinger-tapping and mPower smartphone tapping (group AUC=0.836). cellent(ICC(2,1)=0.945, n=20).
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