用物理信道状态初始化,让语义通信解码快10倍以上。
Low-Latency Generative Semantic Communication via Channel-Realization Flow Matching

- 从信道诱导的语义状态出发,替代随机噪声初始化。
- 在AWGN和瑞利衰落信道上,解码延迟降低10倍以上。
- 适合需要低延迟的实时语义通信系统使用。
生成式语义通信接收机虽能提供高感知质量,但存在解码延迟过高的问题。这源于扩散接收机依赖随机迭代解码,而现有流匹配接收机采用独立端点耦合,忽略了物理信源-信道关联,导致采样路径过长且弯曲。本文将接收端恢复重构为在显式带宽与功率约束下的实现耦合桥流匹配问题。提出实现耦合桥流匹配(RC-BFM),使解码器从信道诱导的语义状态而非各向同性噪声开始。关键在于,训练对通过实现耦合熵最优传输(RC-OT)计划连接,在保持每帧传输的物理信道实现的同时,具备对抗随机衰落的鲁棒性。进一步揭示独立耦合是条件流匹配接收机中条件训练-测试分布偏移的根本原因,并推导出端到端失真界,其离散化误差以$O(K^{-2})$速率衰减。在CIFAR-10与FFHQ-64×64数据集上,于加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)及瑞利衰落信道上的实验表明,RC-BFM实现了更优的保真度-感知权衡,相比扩散基接收机解码延迟减少超过10倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative semantic communication receivers deliver high perceptual quality but suffer from prohibitive decoding latency. This bottleneck arises because diffusion receivers rely on stochastic iterative decoding, while existing flow matching receivers employ independent endpoint coupling that ignores the physical source--channel link, yielding unnecessarily long and curved sampling trajectories. In this paper, we reformulate receiver-side recovery as a realization-coupled bridge flow matching problem under explicit bandwidth and power constraints. Specifically, we propose Realization-Coupled Bridge Flow Matching (RC-BFM), where the decoder initializes from a channel-induced semantic state rather than isotropic noise. Crucially, training pairs are linked via a realization-coupled entropic optimal transport (RC-OT) plan that preserves the physical channel realization of each transmission while maintaining robustness to stochastic fading. Furthermore, we identify independent coupling as the fundamental source of a conditional train--test distribution shift in conditional flow matching-based receivers, and derive an end-to-end distortion bound whose discretization error decays as \(O(K^{-2})\). Experiments on CIFAR-10 and FFHQ-64\(\times\)64 over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels demonstrate that RC-BFM achieves a superior fidelity--perception trade-off, reducing decoding latency by over 10\(\times\) compared to diffusion-based receivers.
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