构建法国全国屋顶光伏系统数据库，整合多源数据提升精度。
OpenPVMapper: A Multi-source, Nationwide Database of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in France
- 融合遥感、地图与概率检测数据，构建多源验证的光伏安装数据库。
- 收录113万套系统，总装机容量约15.01 GWp，精度达74%~75%。
- 开放共享，适合能源规划、电网分析及政策研究者使用。
屋顶光伏系统占光伏并网总量的绝大多数，但目前尚无公开、全面的安装级数据集：公共注册表仅汇总超过容量阈值的数据，而基于遥感的检测工作虽广泛，却通常局限于单一方法、有限地理范围或特定时间点。本文提出OpenPVMapper，一个覆盖法国本土的全国性、多源屋顶光伏系统数据库，通过整合深度学习驱动的全国航拍图像检测流程、OpenStreetMap以及概率性建筑级检测数据集构建而成。最终数据库包含1,135,850个安装单元，总装机容量约为15.01 GWp，每条记录均标注来源、检测方法，并在可用时附上人工验证标记。对1,862个分层抽样样本的人工审核表明，数据库整体精度约为74%–75%，跨独立数据源的交叉验证带来显著且可量化的精度提升。通过聚合多个独立数据源而非依赖单一检测方法，OpenPVMapper实现了单个数据源无法达到的置信度水平，同时具备可扩展性，未来可接入新数据源。该数据库以开放许可（CC-BY）发布，并附带完整构建代码。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems account for the vast majority of PV grid connections, yet no open, comprehensive, installation-level dataset of these systems exists: public registries aggregate data only above a capacity threshold, and remote sensing-based detection efforts, while extensive, are typically confined to a single method, a limited geographic scope, or a single point in time. We introduce OpenPVMapper, a nationwide, multi-source database of rooftop PV installations in mainland France, built by aggregating and reconciling complementary sources: a deep learning-based detection pipeline deployed on nationwide aerial imagery, OpenStreetMap and a probabilistic building-level detection dataset. The resulting database contains 1,135,850 installations, totaling approximately 15.01~GWp of installed capacity, each documented with its provenance, detection method, and, where available, a manual validation flag. Manual review of a stratified sample of 1,862 installations places the database's overall precision at approximately 74--75\%, with corroboration across independent sources bringing a substantial, quantified precision gain. By aggregating independent sources rather than relying on any single detection method, OpenPVMapper reaches a level of confidence beyond what any one source could provide on its own, while remaining extensible to further sources as they become available. It is released under an open (CC-BY) license alongside the full source code used to build it.
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