让推荐系统的语义ID保持空间结构,提升相似物品发现能力
TopoGR: Revealing and Preserving Latent Structure of Semantic ID in Generative Recommendation

- 将语义ID分解为二进制位,显式保留汉明距离结构
- 在输入、监督、重排三阶段利用拓扑信息,性能优于现有方法
- 适合需要精准发现语义相似物品的推荐场景
基于语义ID的生成式推荐将每个物品表示为离散语义ID序列,并通过生成语义ID来预测下一个物品。然而,现有方法通常将语义ID视为独立符号,忽视其学习空间中的拓扑结构。我们发现分词与生成之间存在结构错配:分词器学习到具有语义邻近关系的编码空间,而生成器将语义ID当作独立类别符号处理。这导致物品相关性仅由语义ID完全重叠决定,难以识别语义相近但ID不重叠的物品。为此,我们提出TopoGR,一种基于可位分解语义ID(Binary SID)的拓扑保持生成推荐框架。每个Binary SID以位可分解形式学习,可确定性转换为标准整数SID,同时暴露明确的汉明几何结构。TopoGR在三个阶段利用该拓扑:输入层保留汉明邻近性;汉明软目标注入拓扑感知监督;推理阶段通过汉明一致性重排对齐候选物品与预测的二进制原型。进一步验证表明,汉明拓扑能捕捉超出精确匹配的物品相关性。在四个基准数据集上的实验显示,TopoGR在推荐性能上持续优于现有最先进基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Semantic ID-based generative recommendation tokenizes each item into a sequence of discrete semantic IDs and predicts the next item by generating semantic IDs. However, existing methods typically regard SIDs as independent discrete symbols, while often overlooking the topology of the learned semantic ID space. We identify a structural mismatch between tokenization and generation: the tokenizer learns a structured code space with semantic neighborhood relations, whereas the generator consumes semantic ID tokens as independent categorical symbols. Consequently, item relatedness is reduced to exact semantic ID overlap, making it difficult to identify semantically similar items whose semantic IDs do not overlap. To address this issue, we propose TopoGR, a topology-preserving generative recommendation framework based on Bit-decomposable Semantic ID(Binary SID). Each Binary SID is learned in a bit-decomposable form and can be deterministically converted to a standard integer SID, while exposing an explicit Hamming geometry. TopoGR exploits this topology at three stages: binary SID features preserve Hamming proximity at the input layer; Hamming soft targets inject topology-aware supervision; and Hamming-consistent reranking aligns candidate items with the predicted binary prototype during inference. We further verify that the Hamming topology can capture item relatedness beyond exact SID matching. Experiments on four benchmark datasets show that TopoGR consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines in recommendation performance.
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