arXiv:2607.25367cs.CV2026-07

提出无漏洞交叉验证堆叠框架,提升土堤砂沸点分割精度

Leak-Free Cross-Validated Stacking with Per-Architecture Calibration for Sand-Boil Segmentation in Earthen Levees

论文配图:Leak-Free Cross-Validated Stacking with Per-Architecture Calibration for Sand-Boil Segmentation in Earthen Levees
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用带溯源的合成图像与每折过滤机制杜绝评估泄露
  • 在测试集上达0.707的交并比,优于原模型的0.608
  • 引入掩码条件生成,实现零标注成本的标签图像

砂沸是土质堤坝内部侵蚀的早期信号,深度分割网络常用于检测巡查照片中的砂沸点。因标注样本稀缺,现有方法常通过在测试图像上调参或使用测试集生成的合成数据,隐性夸大准确率。本文提出一种砂沸分割框架,解决两个漏洞:所有合成图像均标记其真实来源,每折训练时排除其父图像;采用五折交叉验证训练五个编码器-解码器骨干网络,各自用单一温度标量校准,再由仅基于折外预测的像素级元学习器融合。在保留测试集上,所提Updated SandBoilNet在三个种子下达到0.707的交并比,高于原模型重评的0.608。堆叠集成在该协议下达0.681,略逊于最佳单模型的0.694,原因在于成员间平均成对误差相关性高达0.894。经标签保真度筛选的合成数据池使最优模型提升至0.718(三种子),同时提出掩码条件合成路径,使条件掩码直接作为标签,实现零标注成本的标注图像生成。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Sand boils, points where water seeping beneath an earthen levee re-emerges at the surface, are early warnings of internal erosion, and deep segmentation networks are increasingly used to find them in inspection photographs. Annotated examples are scarce, and two common ways of working around that scarcity quietly inflate reported accuracy: tuning ensemble weights on the same images later used to score them, and training on synthetic images derived from the very photographs held out for testing. We present a sand-boil segmentation framework that closes both loopholes. Every synthetic image carries a pointer to its real parent, and a per-fold filter excludes any image whose parent is held out; five encoder-decoder backbones are trained under five-fold cross-validation, calibrated by one temperature scalar each, and combined by a per-pixel meta-learner fitted only on out-of-fold predictions. On the held-out test set the proposed Updated SandBoilNet reaches an intersection-over-union of 0.707 over three seeds, against 0.608 for the published original re-evaluated on the same split. Under the stacking protocol the calibrated stack reaches 0.681 against 0.694 for the strongest fold-averaged member, so it does not improve on the best single model; eight meta-learner families reproduce that outcome, which we trace to a mean pairwise error correlation of 0.894 among members. A synthetic pool filtered for label fidelity lifts the champion to 0.718 over three seeds against a 0.707 control. We also introduce a mask-conditioned synthesis route that makes the conditioning mask the label by construction, giving labelled training images at zero annotation cost.

图像分割土坝安全合成数据交叉验证

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