arXiv:2607.26458stat.MLcs.LG2026-07

通过风格重加权让模型在未知领域更准,突破传统不变性限制。

Chaos Is a LADDER: Domain Generalization Beyond Invariance via Reweighting

论文配图:Chaos Is a LADDER: Domain Generalization Beyond Invariance via Reweighting
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分离因果与风格特征,用目标域风格选择可信分类器。
  • 无需目标标签或模型更新,推理时仅用无标签数据重加权。
  • 在多个数据集上提升整体与分组准确率,适合跨域泛化场景。

领域泛化(DG)旨在从多个源域学习并泛化到未见的目标域。多数方法追求不变性:寻找在各域中预测规则保持一致的因果表示。当因果机制稳定时有效,但若领域本身影响因果内容到响应的映射,则该原则变得受限。此时直接将领域风格输入预测器会形成误导性捷径,因风格本身不引发响应。然而,多风格的表观混乱可转化为阶梯:风格能定位未见目标域,并指导信任哪些域相关的预测规则。我们提出 extit{Latent Adaptive Domain Disentanglement and Environment Reweighting}(LADDER),一种固定模型的DG流程:学习因果/风格表示,冻结编码器,拟合源域专属分类器,仅在推理时利用无标签目标域协变量集计算这些固定分类器的权重,无需目标标签或模型状态更新。我们为源域重加权建立理论保证,并在模拟实验、FMoW和位置分组的iWildCam协议上验证了LADDER,均取得整体及分组平均准确率提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn from multiple source domains and generalize to unseen target domains. Most DG methods pursue invariance: they seek a causal representation whose prediction rule is invariant across domains. This principle is effective when the causal mechanism is stable, but becomes restrictive when the domain itself modulates how causal content maps to the response. In this case, directly feeding domain style into the predictor can create misleading shortcuts, since style does not by itself cause the response. Yet the apparent chaos of multiple styles can become a ladder: style can locate the unseen target domain among source domains and guide which domain-dependent prediction rules should be trusted. We propose \emph{Latent Adaptive Domain Disentanglement and Environment Reweighting} (LADDER), a fixed-model DG pipeline that learns causal/style representations, freezes the encoders, fits source-specific classifiers, and uses an unlabeled target-domain covariate set only at inference to compute weights over these fixed classifiers, with no target labels or model-state updates. We establish theoretical guarantees for source reweighting and validate LADDER on simulations, FMoW, and a location-grouped iWildCam protocol, with gains in overall and group-averaged accuracy.

领域泛化风格解耦重加权无监督

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