arXiv:2607.26946cs.AI2026-07

用信念机制替代搜索,让模型在低算力下也能下出专业级围棋。

Belief-Guided Decision Making with Uncertainty Gating in the Game of Go

  • 分离策略与信念头,用内部模拟器评估不确定性
  • 无搜索情况下胜率超70%,大幅降低错误高自信落子
  • 适合资源有限但需高可靠性的AI对弈场景

近期计算机围棋进展主要依赖AlphaZero和MuZero中的蒙特卡洛树搜索(MCTS)来修正神经网络策略的误差。尽管在大规模计算集群上表现良好,但在消费级硬件上,树管理的计算开销严重限制了推理速度。此外,缺乏深度搜索时,模型容易产生高置信度但战略致命的错误落子。本文提出一种新的信念引导架构,将策略头与独立的信念头分离。不同于传统价值函数,信念头作为内部模拟器和独立评判者,建模认知不确定性与战略稳定性。通过引入记忆机制(Transformer/GRU)处理长期依赖与劫争规则,并使用门控机制过滤高自信策略错误,该模型将智能负担从运行时搜索转移至参数化的“直觉”。实验表明,该方法显著提升无搜索情况下的胜率并减少幻觉,使专业级对弈成为可能,即便在无法支持大规模MCTS的有限硬件上亦可实现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advancements in Computer Go, driven by AlphaZero and MuZero, rely heavily on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to correct the errors of the neural network policy. While effective on massive computational clusters, this dependence creates a critical bottleneck on consumer-grade hardware, where the computational cost of tree management severely limits inference rates. Furthermore, without deep search, these models suffer from hallucination, proposing moves with high confidence that are strategically fatal. This paper introduces a novel Belief-Guided architecture that disentangles the Policy head from a distinct Belief head. Unlike traditional value functions, the Belief head acts as an internal simulator and independent critic, modeling epistemic uncertainty and strategic stability. By integrating memory mechanisms (Transformer/GRU) to handle long-term dependencies and the Ko rule, and utilizing a gating mechanism to filter overconfident policy errors, our model shifts the burden of intelligence from runtime search to parametric "intuition." Experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly improves search-free win rates and reduces hallucination, enabling professional-level play on limited hardware where massive MCTS is infeasible.

围棋AI信念机制无搜索不确定性建模

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