arXiv:2607.26980cs.ROeess.SP2026-07

用连续置信度替代雷达检测阈值,提升低光环境下的自车速度估计精度。

Dense Soft Weighting for Radar Ego-Velocity Estimation

论文配图:Dense Soft Weighting for Radar Ego-Velocity Estimation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 不设二值化阈值,对每个距离-多普勒单元输出连续置信度
  • 在三个数据集上相对最优基线降低31%-45%的位姿误差
  • 无需训练数据,适用于不同芯片雷达,适合嵌入式实时部署

在视觉退化环境中,自车速度估计是状态估计的基础,而相机和激光雷达方案可能失效。毫米波雷达因具备直接多普勒速度感知能力,且对光照不足、无纹理场景及气溶胶具有鲁棒性,尤为适用。然而传统雷达自车速度方法通常采用恒虚警率(CFAR)阈值将密集雷达谱转换为稀疏点云,过早丢弃低于阈值但仍含运动信息的回波。本文提出密集软加权(Dense Soft Weighting)方法,将每个距离-多普勒单元映射为连续置信度,而非强制二值判断。自车速度通过确定性鲁棒加权最小二乘法估计,同时加权测量提供闭式解的速度协方差,可与统一惯性后端融合。该方法无需平台特定训练数据或基于学习的不确定性模型,支持跨单芯片雷达配置迁移。在两个公开数据集和一个自采数据集上,相比最强的CFAR点云基线,在相同惯性后端下,平均绝对位姿误差降低31%-45%,且可在嵌入式硬件上实时运行。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Sensing ego-velocity estimation is fundamental to state estimation in visually degraded environments, where camera- and LiDAR-based pipelines can become unreliable. Millimetre-wave radar is well suited to these conditions because it provides direct Doppler velocity sensing and remains robust to poor illumination, textureless scenes, and airborne particulates. However, conventional radar ego-velocity pipelines typically apply constant false alarm rate (CFAR) thresholding to convert dense radar spectra into sparse point clouds, prematurely discarding sub-threshold returns that may still retain useful Doppler motion cues. We present Dense Soft Weighting, an analytic radar front-end that maps every range-Doppler cell to a continuous confidence metric rather than enforcing a binary detection threshold. Ego-velocity is then estimated using a deterministic robust weighted least-squares formulation, while the same weighted measurements provide a closed-form, measurement-derived velocity covariance for integration with a shared inertial back-end. The method requires no platform-specific training data or learning-based uncertainty model, supporting transfer across single-chip radar configurations. Across two public datasets and one self-collected dataset, Dense Soft Weighting reduces mean absolute pose error by 31-45% relative to the strongest CFAR point-cloud baseline under an identical inertial back-end, while running in real time on embedded hardware.

雷达感知速度估计鲁棒感知嵌入式部署

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