用程序化生成大量带标注的划痕数据,解决工业质检数据少难题。
ScratchSim: A Procedural Synthetic Data Pipeline for Surface Scratch Detection

- 基于BlenderProc构建可配置的合成数据生成流水线,自动输出COCO格式标注
- 从合成数据微调模型性能优于纯真实数据训练,混合训练在数据稀缺时仍有效
- 适用于轻量级模型部署,适合边缘设备上的工业缺陷检测
自动化表面划痕检测在工业质量控制中至关重要,但标注缺陷数据稀缺制约了其发展。本文提出一种基于BlenderProc的程序化渲染流水线,可生成大规模带标注的合成训练数据,支持可配置材质外观、相机模式与领域随机化,并自动生成COCO格式标注。为验证方法有效性,我们在两种不同材质物体上评估四种训练策略:仅合成数据、仅真实数据、合成+真实混合、以及从合成权重微调,使用三种轻量级边缘部署检测器(YOLOX、YOLO26、LW-DETR)。结果表明,从合成数据微调始终优于纯真实数据训练;混合训练在真实数据稀缺时能有效恢复性能,且在卷积与基于Transformer的架构上均得到验证。该方法实现无需大规模真实标注数据的可扩展缺陷检测,适用于边缘设备工业检测。合成划痕生成脚本、3D模型及合成与真实标注数据集(光泽玩具法拉利车)已开源:https://github.com/saptarshineil/ScratchSim。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While automated defect detection such as the detection of surface scratched is an important aspect in industrial quality control, the scarcity of annotated defect data make this task challenging. This paper presents a procedural rendering pipeline that generates large-scale annotated synthetic training data using BlenderProc, with configurable material appearance, camera modes, and domain randomization, producing automatic COCO-format annotations. To show the potential of our approach, we evaluate four training strategies, namely synthetic-only, real-only, mixed, and fine-tuning from synthetic weights, across two objects with different material properties and three lightweight edge-deployable detectors, YOLOX, YOLO26, and LW-DETR. Our evaluation show that fine-tuning from synthetic weights consistently outperforms real-only training, and that mixed training effectively recovers performance under scarce real-data conditions, with findings validated across both convolutional and transformer-based architectures. The proposed approach enables scalable defect detection without the burden of large real annotated datasets, making it practical for on-device industrial inspection. The pipeline scripts for generating synthetic scratches, 3D model, and both the synthetic and real annotated scratch datasets for a glossy toy Ferrari car are publicly available at https://github.com/saptarshineil/ScratchSim.
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