单次心跳即可估算血压,适合可穿戴设备实时监测。
Single-Beat Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Ear-PPG and ECG with a Lightweight Hybrid Learning Framework

- 融合心电与耳部光电信号,用轻量级模型实现单次心跳血压估计。
- 系统在真实场景下达到收缩压4.02±0.21 mmHg、舒张压1.79±0.05 mmHg的误差。
- 无需长时间信号窗口,适合资源受限的可穿戴设备部署。
连续无袖带血压(BP)监测因运动伪影、生理波动及传统脉搏传导时间(PTT)模型在动态条件下的鲁棒性不足而面临挑战。以往方法多依赖数秒信号窗口以稳定估计,但实际监测中常因间歇性信号污染而失效。本文证明了关键血压信息可在单次心跳层面保留,并提出一种轻量级多模态可穿戴框架用于连续血压估计。系统同步采集胸部心电图(ECG)和耳夹式反射式光体积脉搏波(PPG),每种传感器均配装六轴惯性测量单元以提供运动上下文。引入混合学习架构:一维卷积神经网络从单个PPG波形提取64维嵌入,并与30个基于生理特性的特征(包括PTT统计量和心率变异性)融合,随后使用LightGBM进行回归。在多阶段压力测试(n=10)和PulseDB公开数据集上进行独立受试者验证,30次独立运行中,系统平均绝对误差为收缩压4.02±0.21 mmHg,舒张压1.79±0.05 mmHg,相较基线模型联合MAE降低28.2%。该框架支持无需长期时序上下文的逐搏估计,具备计算高效性,适用于实际资源约束下的可穿戴部署。源码已开源:https://github.com/SYMBIOX-Lab/BP-wireless。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Continuous cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring remains challenging due to motion artifacts, physiological variability, and the limited robustness of conventional pulse transit time (PTT) models under dynamic conditions. Many prior approaches rely on multi-second windows to stabilize estimation, an assumption that is frequently violated during real-world monitoring with intermittent signal corruption. Here, we show that discriminative BP-related information is preserved at the single-beat level and present a lightweight multi-modal wearable framework for continuous BP estimation. The system integrates synchronized chest electrocardiography (ECG) and ear-clip reflectance photoplethysmography, each co-located with a 6-axis inertial measurement unit to provide motion context. We introduce a hybrid learning architecture in which a one-dimensional convolutional neural network extracts a 64-dimensional embedding from individual PPG beats and fuses it with 30 physiology-grounded features, including PTT statistics and heart rate variability, followed by LightGBM regression. The method was evaluated using a multi-phase stress protocol ($n=10$) and the PulseDB public dataset with subject-disjoint validation. Across 30 independent runs, the model achieved mean absolute errors of $4.02 \pm 0.21$~mmHg for systolic BP and $1.79 \pm 0.05$~mmHg for diastolic BP, corresponding to a 28.2\% reduction in combined MAE relative to baseline models. By enabling beat-wise estimation without long temporal context, this framework supports computationally efficient cuffless BP monitoring suitable for wearable deployment under practical resource constraints. The source code for this work is available at https://github.com/SYMBIOX-Lab/BP-wireless.
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