通过生成用户隐含意图,提升电商搜索的发现能力。
Improving Item Discoverability in e-Commerce Search via Related Intent Generation
- 用大模型生成隐含意图扩展候选集,兼顾发现性与相关性。
- 覆盖率达80%查询流量,推理成本仅为原模型30%。
- 适合希望提升长尾商品曝光的电商平台使用。
传统搜索系统注重精确匹配,但在电商尤其是生鲜品类中,用户满意度和商业表现更依赖于替代品、互补品及主题相关商品的发现能力。本文提出一种可扩展的发现增强型搜索系统,通过意图条件化的召回扩展来实现。该方法利用闭源大语言模型(LLMs)最大化头部查询的发现性;为拓展至尾部查询,进一步引入经LoRA微调与教师-学生蒸馏训练的小语言模型(SLM)。采用双重评估框架:(a) LLM作为裁判,验证语义质量与人工偏好一致;(b) 端到端会话级购买分析。结果表明,该方法将发现覆盖率从约60%提升至80%,推理成本仅需教师模型的30%,为大规模部署提供可行路径。除相关性提升外,该系统还可作为市场平衡机制,助力长尾及新兴商品获得条件化曝光。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Traditional search systems are optimized to retrieve items that strictly match a query, often prioritizing precision over recall. In e-commerce marketplaces and particularly grocery, this paradigm is limiting, as user satisfaction and commercial outcomes depend heavily on the discoverability of substitute, complementary, and thematically related items. In this paper, we present a scalable system for discovery-augmented search that leverages intent-conditioned recall expansion. Our approach generates implicit user intents to expand candidate recall while maintaining relevance. The system addresses the cost-quality tradeoff of generative retrieval through a two-stage hybrid architecture. First, we leverage closed-weight large language models (LLMs) to maximize discoverability for head queries. To extend these benefits to tail queries, we then introduce a finetuned small language model (SLM), trained via LoRA adapters and teacher-student distillation. We evaluate the system using a rigorous dual framework: (a) LLM-as-a-judge metrics validated against human preferences for semantic quality, and (b) end-to-end session-level purchase analysis. Results demonstrate that our approach improves both intent generation quality and downstream retrieval effectiveness, extending discovery coverage from approximately 60% to 80% of query traffic at roughly 30% of the teacher model's inference cost, offering a viable path for deployment in large-scale marketplaces. Beyond relevance gains, discovery-augmented search may serve as a marketplace-balancing mechanism, giving long-tail and emerging supply an opportunity for query-conditioned exposure.
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