用大模型指导量子电路初始化,让医疗图像分类更快更稳。
LLM-Guided Initialization for Accelerated Hybrid Quantum-Classical Medical Image Classification

- 用大模型生成量子电路初始参数,避免梯度消失问题。
- 初始化后梯度方差提升14.6倍,收敛速度加快160倍(1.1秒对176秒)。
- 单次大模型查询即可获得有效参数,适合快速部署的量子医疗应用。
变分量子算法常因梯度消失陷入平庸高原,导致参数化量子电路难以训练。本文评估了由Zhuang和Cunningham提出的AdaInit(自适应初始化)方法,该方法利用大语言模型为量子神经网络提出初始参数。我们研究了一种简化的单次查询AdaInit变体,并在NVIDIA CUDA-Q上结合GPU加速模拟,应用于DMR-IR乳腺摄影数据集的二分类任务。结果显示,与随机初始化相比,AdaInit在初始化阶段的梯度方差提升14.6倍(0.0095对比0.0006),收敛速度加快160倍(1.1秒对比176秒),且分类准确率保持在61.4%。理论分析基于参数空间的几何结构,实证表明LLM引导初始化能将优化器置于可训练区域。结果还显示,单次大模型查询即可生成有效参数,无需迭代优化,为提升训练效率提供低开销路径。研究验证了AdaInit在医学影像场景中的有效性,并证明其与GPU加速量子后端兼容,具备实际加速潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Variational quantum algorithms often encounter barren plateaus, where cost gradients decay rapidly with increasing circuit depth, undermining the trainability of parameterized quantum circuits. This paper evaluates AdaInit (Adaptive Initialization), proposed by Zhuang and Cunningham, which uses large language models to propose initial parameters for quantum neural networks. We study a simplified single-query AdaInit variant paired with GPU-accelerated simulation in NVIDIA CUDA-Q and apply it to binary classification on the DMR-IR mammography dataset. AdaInit delivers 14.6 times higher gradient variance at initialization than random initialization (0.0095 vs. 0.0006), producing 160 times faster convergence (1.1s vs. 176 s) while maintaining the same classification accuracy of 61.4 percent. We provide theoretical analysis grounded in the geometry of parameterized circuit landscapes and show empirically that LLM-guided initialization places the optimizer in trainable regions of parameter space. Beyond performance, our results indicate that a single LLM query can yield informative parameters without iterative refinement, suggesting a low-overhead path to improved trainability. The findings validate AdaInit in a medical imaging setting and demonstrate its compatibility with GPU-accelerated quantum backends for practical speedups.
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