arXiv:2607.27528cs.CRcs.AI2026-07

自动从代码库生成带攻击步骤映射的结构化威胁树,支持多框架安全分析。

ThreatForest: Multi-Agent Attack Tree Generation with Pluggable TTP Framework Mapping

论文配图:ThreatForest: Multi-Agent Attack Tree Generation with Pluggable TTP Framework Mapping
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 多智能体流水线分解威胁建模,分阶段生成攻击树并映射到TTP框架
  • 在7个领域评估中,威胁陈述与缓解措施质量达0.63-0.68(0-1分制)
  • 嵌入层是准确率瓶颈,提示可改进的模型设计方向,适合安全工程团队

威胁建模对安全软件开发至关重要,但手动分析云原生架构耗时且依赖稀缺安全专家。我们提出ThreatForest,一个可生成结构化攻击树的多智能体系统,能将攻击步骤映射至多个可插拔框架中的战术、技术与程序(TTPs),包括MITRE ATT&CK、CAPEC及云专用威胁矩阵,并合成可操作的缓解方案。ThreatForest将威胁建模分解为多阶段智能体流程——仓库分析、上下文精炼、威胁生成、并行攻击树构建与TTP映射、缓解合成、报告生成——以有向图形式编排,包含确定性验证节点、有限重试机制和三个人工介入验证点。采用领域特定句向量模型通过余弦相似度匹配攻击步骤至候选技术;实证显示,该嵌入阶段而非整体流程是准确率的主要瓶颈。我们在16维评估体系下对7个应用领域进行测试,由独立的LLM评审团评分,经对抗性验证与专家审查,威胁语句、攻击树与缓解措施质量得分为0.63–0.68(0-1尺度),而仅嵌入式TTP映射得分0.29,该差距在所有领域稳定存在,明确指向嵌入编码器为关键制约因素。在同一模型上的单次调用基线使映射防御力翻倍,证明限制源于嵌入编码器而非多智能体设计。据我们所知,ThreatForest是首个端到端将代码库转化为带证据支持的跨框架TTP映射攻击树的系统,并提供可复用的评测框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Threat modeling is essential for secure software development, yet manual analysis of cloud-native architectures is slow and demands scarce security expertise. We present ThreatForest, a multi-agent system that generates structured attack trees from source code repositories, maps attack steps to adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) from a pluggable set of frameworks (MITRE ATT&CK, CAPEC, and cloud-specific threat matrices), and synthesizes actionable mitigations. ThreatForest decomposes threat modeling into a multi-stage agent pipeline -- repository analysis, context refinement, threat generation, parallel attack-tree construction with TTP mapping and mitigation synthesis, and report generation -- orchestrated as a directed graph with deterministic verification gates, bounded retries, and three human-in-the-loop validation points. A domain-specific sentence-transformer maps each attack step to candidate techniques by cosine similarity; we show empirically that this embedding stage, not the surrounding pipeline, is the dominant accuracy bottleneck. We evaluate ThreatForest across seven application domains on a sixteen-dimension rubric, scored by a panel of independent LLM raters with an adversarial verification pass and expert review. Panel-measured quality reaches 0.63-0.68 (on a 0-1 scale) for threat statements, attack trees, and mitigations, but only 0.29 for embedding-only TTP mapping -- a gap stable across all seven domains that isolates the binding constraint. A controlled single-call baseline on the same model more than doubles mapping defensibility, pinning the limitation on the embedding encoder rather than the multi-agent design. To our knowledge, ThreatForest is the first end-to-end system that turns a code repository into TTP-mapped attack trees with evidence-based mitigations across adversary frameworks, with a reusable framework for benchmarking such systems.

威胁建模多智能体TTP映射自动化安全

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