用上下文重构统一检测表格数据异常,无需标注样本。
CORE: In-Context Reconstruction for Unified Tabular Anomaly Detection

- 通过上下文重构捕捉正常样本分布,直接重建异常样本。
- 设计去相关对齐模块保留原始特征语义,实现跨数据集统一表示。
- 无需标签或合成异常,适合多种未见数据集的通用异常检测。
表格异常检测(TAD)旨在识别与多数样本偏离的异常实例,近年来趋向于统一化方法,即使用单一可泛化的模型在不同数据集上检测异常。然而,异构数据对齐仍是挑战:现有方法多依赖基于距离的特征构造,可能丢失原始特征语义;且通常将异常检测建模为二分类任务,易受非代表性合成异常干扰,并忽略多样化的异常模式。为此,本文提出一种上下文重构统一表格式异常检测方法(CORE)。它引入去相关特征对齐模块,直接将异构特征映射至统一表示空间,保留语义信息;同时将统一TAD建模为上下文重构问题,利用上下文中的正常样本重建目标样本,从而通过重构误差反映其偏离程度,无需依赖标注或合成异常,在任意未见数据集上实现有效检测。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tabular anomaly detection (TAD), which focuses on identifying abnormal samples that deviate from the majority in tabular data, has received growing attention. Recently, there has been an emerging trend towards unified TAD, which seeks to detect anomalies across different datasets using a single generalizable model. In unified TAD, aligning heterogeneous data remains challenging. While existing methods often rely on distance-based unified feature construction, they may obscure the semantics of the original features. Moreover, existing approaches typically formulate anomaly detection as a binary classification task, which may overlook diverse anomaly patterns from various datasets and be misled by unrepresentative synthetic anomalies. To address these challenges, we propose an in-COntext REconstruction approach for unified TAD (CORE for short). It introduces a decorrelated feature alignment module to directly align heterogeneous features into a unified representation space, which retains their semantic information. Meanwhile, CORE formulates unified TAD as an in-context reconstruction problem, eliminating the need for labeled or synthesized anomalies. Specifically, the in-context reconstruction module reconstructs each sample by leveraging contextual normal samples to capture dataset-specific distributions, such that reconstruction errors reflect its deviation from normality, facilitating unified TAD on arbitrary unseen datasets.
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