arXiv:2607.27698cs.AIcs.NE2026-07

用遗传编程演化的调度规则指导大模型,提升动态项目调度的效率与稳定性。

Guiding Large Language Models with Genetic Programming-Evolved Heuristic Knowledge for Dynamic Multi-Mode Project Scheduling

论文配图:Guiding Large Language Models with Genetic Programming-Evolved Heuristic Knowledge for Dynamic Multi-Mode Project Scheduling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 反向知识迁移:将遗传编程生成的规则用于引导大模型决策。
  • 规则注入显著降低令牌消耗,提升决策一致性,改善解释性。
  • 显式提供决策逻辑比单纯提示特征更有效,适合工程调度场景。

在动态多模式项目调度中,活动具有多种执行模式和不确定持续时间,且受优先约束与资源限制。启发式优先规则可支持快速在线决策,但设计需大量领域知识。遗传编程(GP)超启发式方法能自动演化此类规则。大语言模型(LLMs)则提供灵活的信息解析与决策解释能力,但零样本决策常缺乏领域知识、消耗过多令牌且结果不稳定。本文提出反向知识传递:从高质量GP规则中提取知识,通过特征选择、特征提示、规则引用和规则遵循四种机制注入大模型,指导在线决策。实验评估显示,基于GP的知识引导普遍优于无指导的LLM,其中简化决策上下文或提供明确逻辑更有效。特征选择在令牌效率上最优,规则遵循性能强但开销大。引导还提升了决策稳定性,并改变生成推理中强调的特征。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In dynamic multi-mode project scheduling, activities have alternative execution modes and uncertain durations, while precedence relations and limited resources constrain their execution. Heuristic priority rules support fast online decisions, but their design requires substantial domain expertise. Genetic programming (GP) hyper-heuristics can automatically evolve such rules. Large language models (LLMs), meanwhile, provide a flexible interface for interpreting scheduling information and explaining decisions. However, zero-shot LLM decisions may lack domain knowledge, consume many tokens, and vary across repeated queries. GP-evolved rules therefore provide a potential source of scheduling knowledge for guiding LLM decisions. Unlike existing LLM--GP hybrids that use LLMs to support heuristic evolution, we transfer knowledge in the reverse direction, using knowledge extracted from high-quality GP rules to guide an online LLM decision maker. We extract knowledge from high-quality GP rules and inject it through Feature Selection, Feature Hint, Rule Reference, and Rule Follow. These mechanisms are evaluated in terms of scheduling performance, token consumption, decision stability, and the feature focus expressed in generated rationales. GP-derived guidance generally improves the unguided LLM, but its representation matters. Simplifying the decision context or supplying explicit decision logic is more effective than highlighting important features. Feature Selection offers the best token efficiency, whereas Rule Follow achieves strong performance at greater token cost. Guidance also improves decision stability and changes the features expressed in generated rationales.

项目调度大模型遗传编程规则引导

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