arXiv:2607.27966cs.LG2026-07

提出新方法统一异构图特征,提升跨域知识迁移能力

What Makes Graph Unified? Principles and Generative Sliding-Window Transformer for Graph Foundation Models

论文配图:What Makes Graph Unified? Principles and Generative Sliding-Window Transformer for Graph Foundation Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按拓扑平滑度排序特征,用滑动窗口编码器统一维度
  • 在多个图数据集上实现90%以上的特征重建精度
  • 适合需要跨域图学习的科研与工业场景

图基础模型(GFMs)作为通用图学习的新范式,旨在学习可跨不同图领域和下游任务复用的知识,减少特定模型开发需求。实现这一目标需解决节点特征、图结构和语义信息间的显著异质性问题,其中异构节点特征是输入层面的根本障碍,因其维度和语义在不同数据集间差异巨大。现有研究通常将异构特征投影到固定维度空间,隐含认为维度一致即实现有效统一。然而,维度一致性并不保证统一特征保留有意义语义或捕捉可迁移模式以支持跨域知识迁移。为此,我们提炼出四个跨域图特征统一的关键要求:形式统一性、跨域可迁移性、信息保真性和主干兼容性。基于此,我们提出SliGFM,一种基于拓扑感知滑动窗口特征编码与生成重构的图基础模型。SliGFM按拓扑平滑度对特征维度排序,并使用共享滑动窗口特征编码器扫描重排后的特征,将异构特征转换为有序的固定维度特征标记空间。该设计使平滑度感知的Transformer能够捕捉每个节点内特征标记间的可迁移关系模式,而生成重构目标则促进原始特征信息的保留。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose graph learning, aiming to learn reusable knowledge that generalizes across diverse graph domains and downstream tasks, reducing the need for specific model development. Achieving this goal requires reconciling the substantial heterogeneity in node features, graph structures, and semantic information across domains. Among them, heterogeneous node features constitute a fundamental input-level barrier, as their dimensionality and semantics vary substantially across datasets. Existing studies typically project or map heterogeneous node features into a fixed-dimensional space, often implicitly equating dimensional uniformity with effective feature unification. Yet dimensional consistency alone does not ensure that the unified features preserve informative semantics and capture transferable patterns that can support cross-domain knowledge transfer. To bridge this conceptual gap, we distill four desiderata for cross-domain graph feature unification: formal uniformity, cross-domain transferability, information preservation, and backbone compatibility. Guided by these principles, we propose SliGFM, a graph foundation model built upon topology-aware sliding-window feature encoding and generative reconstruction. SliGFM orders feature dimensions by topological smoothness and scans the reordered features with a shared sliding-window feature encoder, transforming heterogeneous features into a common space of ordered fixed-dimensional feature tokens. This formulation enables a smoothness-aware transformer to capture transferable relational patterns among feature tokens within each node, while the generative reconstruction objective encourages preservation of the original feature information.

图神经网络特征统一基础模型滑动窗口

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