融合街景与卫星影像,提升农田监测精度。
Space2Ground 2.0: A Multi-Source Dataset and Framework for Agricultural Monitoring through Fusion of Street-Level and Satellite Imagery

- 用街景+卫星数据融合,解决云层遮挡与视角局限问题
- 构建4.6万张标注街景图,关联8581个农田地块
- 适合农业遥感、智慧农业及政策制定者使用
精准且可扩展的地块级农业监测仍具挑战,因仅靠卫星遥感提供俯视视角,且光学观测易受云层导致时间空白。本文提出Space2Ground 2.0,整合Sentinel-1 SAR与Sentinel-2多光谱时序数据,以及通过Mapillary平台获取的车载摄像头拍摄的地理标记街景影像。采用高度自动化的处理流程,完成语义过滤、图像质量评估、基于视角的地块关联与数据集精炼,将大规模众包影像转化为可分析的地块关联数据。在2022年塞浦路斯种植季的应用中,该流程从超90万张原始图像中筛选出46,050张标注街景图,并与8,581个农业地块的卫星信息关联。通过单源与多源观测的地块级作物分类实验验证了其实际价值,结果表明街景影像提供了互补的细粒度视觉信息,与卫星时序数据融合后显著提升分类性能。Space2Ground 2.0 提供了一个开放可用的基准数据集和可复现的方法论,适用于视觉验证、减少高成本实地巡查,以及数据驱动的农业政策实施。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate and scalable parcel-level agricultural monitoring remains challenging because satellite Earth Observation alone provides only an overhead perspective of agricultural parcels, while optical observations are further affected by cloud-induced temporal gaps. This paper presents Space2Ground 2.0, a multi-source framework integrating Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 multispectral time series with geo-tagged street-level imagery acquired using vehicle-mounted cameras and shared through the Mapillary platform. A largely automated processing pipeline performs semantic filtering, image quality assessment, viewpoint-based parcel association, and dataset refinement, transforming large volumes of crowdsourced imagery into parcel-linked, analysis-ready data. Applied over Cyprus during the 2022 growing season, the pipeline produced a curated dataset of 46,050 annotated street-level images, selected from an initial collection exceeding 900,000 images and linked with satellite information for 8,581 agricultural parcels. The practical value of the dataset was assessed through parcel-level crop classification experiments using both single- and multi-source observations. The results demonstrate that street-level imagery provides complementary fine-scale visual information that enhances classification when integrated with satellite time series. Overall, Space2Ground 2.0 provides an openly available benchmark dataset and a reproducible methodology for multimodal agricultural monitoring, with potential applications in visual verification, reduced reliance on costly field inspections, and data-driven agricultural policy implementation.
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