分析波斯语话语标记‘now’的多功能表现及其语音特征。
Correlation between prosody and pragmatics: A case study of the discourse marker hālā `now' in Persian
- 通过267个真实对话实例，分析该词的语用与语音特征。
- 70%的用例具有两个及以上语用功能，文本类功能最常见。
- 时长和强度是区分其不同功能的关键语音线索。
波斯语话语标记‘hālā’（现在）表现出显著的多功能性，远超其时间副词功能，涵盖多种语用作用。本研究对口语中的hālā进行语用与语音分析，考察了267个自发对话实例。尽管存在时间用法，但常与其他话语功能结合，显示高度多功能性：70%的词例承担两个或更多语用角色。文本功能（话题转换、关系提示、边界标记、注意力引导、话题引入与强调）最为常见，其次为互动功能（话轮管理、听者参与、反馈调节），最后是模态功能（认知立场、情感表达、态度标记）。语音分析表明，时长与强度是区分功能的关键线索：文本类用法显著更短，时间用法倾向更长；互动功能关联更高强度，模态功能则呈现较弱的低强度趋势。结果说明，时长与强度是hālā功能分化的主要语音依据，尤其在文本与互动使用中。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Persian discourse marker hālā ('now') exhibits remarkable multifunctionality, extending far beyond its temporal adverbial role to encompass a variety of pragmatic functions. This study presents a pragmatic and acoustic analysis of hālā in spoken Persian, examining 267 instances from spontaneous conversations. While temporal uses were present, they were often combined with other discourse marker functions, indicating extensive multifunctionality, with 70% of tokens serving two or more pragmatic roles. Textual functions (topic shifting, signaling relationships, boundary marking, attention guidance, topic introduction, and topic emphasis) were most frequent, followed by interactive functions (turn management, listener engagement, and feedback regulation), and modal functions (epistemic stance, emotional expression, and attitudinal marking). Prosodic analysis revealed that duration and intensity are key cues for distinguishing hālā's functions. Textual uses were significantly shorter, while temporal uses showed a tendency toward longer realizations. Interactive functions correlated with higher intensity, while modal functions showed a weaker tendency toward lower intensity. These findings indicate that duration and intensity are the main prosodic cues associated with functional differentiation in hālā, especially in textual and interactive uses.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。